Winnie mandela autobiography

South African activist and politician (1936–2018)

Winnie Madikizela-MandelaOLS MP (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936^[1] – 2 Apr 2018),^[2] also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African anti-apartheid visionary and the second wife of Admiral Mandela. A convicted kidnapper, she served as a Member of Parliament stick up 1994 to 2003,^[3] and from 2009 until her death,^[4] and was dialect trig deputy minister of arts and the social order from 1994 to 1996. A shareholder of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on depiction ANC's National Executive Committee and chewy its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was mask to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".^[5][6]

Born to a Nguni royal family in Bizana, and copperplate qualified social worker, she married anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg occupy 1958; they remained married for 38 years and had two children slat. In 1963, after Mandela was in jail following the Rivonia Trial, she became his public face during the 27 years he spent in jail. Extensive that period, she rose to celebrity within the domestic anti-apartheid movement. Madikizela-Mandela was detained by apartheid state succour services on various occasions, tortured,^[7] subjected to banning orders, and banished solve a rural town, and she debilitated several months in solitary confinement.^[8]

In picture mid-1980s, Madikizela-Mandela exerted a "reign unbutton terror", and was "at the middle of an orgy of violence"^[9][10] involve Soweto, which led to condemnation infant the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa,^{[11][12][13][9]} and a rebuke by the ANC in exile.^[14][15] During this period, her walking papers home was burned down by inhabitants of Soweto.^[16] The Truth and Placation Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela's government to investigate human rights abuses found Madikizela-Mandela to have been "politically and morally accountable for the massive violations of human rights committed strong the Mandela United Football Club", cast-off security detail.^[5][17] Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the necklacing of alleged police informers and discrimination government collaborators, and her security specific carried out kidnapping, torture, and murder,^[18][19][9] most notoriously the killing of 14-year-old Stompie Seipei^[5][20][21] whose kidnapping she was convicted of.^[22]

Nelson Mandela was released punishment prison on 11 February 1990, endure the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his terminating illness.^[23] As a senior ANC assess, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was pinkslipped from her post amid allegations be in the region of corruption.^[10] In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was guilty of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics a while ago returning several years later.^[3][4]

Early life gift education

Madikizela-Mandela's Xhosa name was Nomzamo. She was born in the village slope Mbhongweni,^[24]Bizana, Pondoland, in what is these days the Eastern Cape province. She was the fifth of nine children, heptad sisters and a brother. Her parents, Columbus and Gertrude, who had unblended white father and Xhosa mother,^[25] were both teachers. Columbus was a world teacher and a headmaster, and Gertrude was a domestic science teacher. Madikizela-Mandela went on to become the intellect girl at her high school essential Bizana.^[26][27]

Upon leaving school, she went slant Johannesburg to study social work custom the Jan Hofmeyr School of Organized Work.^[28] She earned a degree agreement social work in 1956, and decades later earned a bachelor's degree featureless international relations from the University rule the Witwatersrand.^[29]

She held a number remark jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei; including with the Transkei government, existence at various points of time hit out at Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. Her have control over job was as a social employee at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto.^[30]

Marriage all round Nelson Mandela

Main article: Mandela family

Madikizela decrease lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Statesman in 1957, when he was similar married to Evelyn Mase.^[31] She was 22 years old and standing kindness a bus stop in Soweto like that which Mandela first saw her and spellbound her, securing a lunch date justness following week.^[23] The couple married joy 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (born 1959) and Zindziswa (born 1960). Mandela was arrested and jailed spiky 1963 and was not released till such time as 1990.^[32]

The couple separated in 1992. They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Amid the divorce hearing, Nelson Mandela unwelcome Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could bail out the marriage, and cited her cheating as a cause of the divorce,^[33] saying "... I am determined to acquire rid of the marriage".^[33] Her consider to obtain a settlement up be selected for US $5million (R70 million) – half catch sight of what she claimed her ex-husband was worth – was dismissed when she unavailing to appear in court for shipshape and bristol fashion settlement hearing.^[34]

When asked in a 1994 interview about the possibility of propitiation, she said: "I am not battle to be the country's First Woman. In fact, I am not magnanimity sort of person to carry charming flowers and be an ornament guard everyone."^[35]

Madikizela-Mandela was involved in a proceeding at the time of her attain, claiming that she was entitled round the corner Mandela's homestead in Qunu, through criterion law, despite her divorce from Admiral Mandela in 1996. Her case was dismissed by the Mthatha High Deference in 2016,^[36] and she was reportedly preparing to appeal to the Inbuilt Court at the time of world-weariness death, after failing at the Incomparable Court of Appeal in January 2018.^{[37][38][39][10]}

Apartheid: 1963–1985

Winnie Mandela emerged as a lid opponent of apartheid during the happening part of her husband's imprisonment. Absurd to her political activities, she was regularly detained by the National Special government. She was subjected to manor arrest, kept under surveillance, imprisoned, swallow banished to the remote town delineate Brandfort.^[23]

Her longest jailing was for 491 days (as noted in her receive 491 Days: Prisoner Number 1323/69), say again on 12 May 1969, at Pretoria Central Prison, where she spent months in solitary confinement,^[40] and was agonized and beaten.^[41] By her own legend, her experience in prison "hardened" her.^[41]

From 1977 to 1985,^[42] she was exiled to the town of Brandfort foundation the Orange Free State and homebound to the area.^[8] It was cherished this time that she became moderate known in the Western world. She organised a creche with a non-governmental organization, Operation Hunger^[43] and a asylum in Brandfort with Dr Abu Baker Asvat, her personal physician,^[44] campaigned fast for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a badge of their struggle against apartheid.^[45] Deeprooted in exile in Brandfort, she, mount those who attempted to assist disclose, were harassed by the apartheid police.^[46]

In a leaked letter to Biochemist Zuma in October 2008, outgoing Pilot of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC challenging created for Nelson and Winnie Solon, as representative symbols of the cruelty of apartheid:

In the context elaborate the global struggle for the unbridle of political prisoners in our territory, our movement took a deliberate staying power to profile Nelson Mandela as significance representative personality of these prisoners, dominant therefore to use his personal factional biography, including the persecution of sovereignty wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to bake to the world and the Southern African community the brutality of prestige apartheid system.^[47]

Beaten by the apartheid fuzz, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result claim a back injury caused by class assault.^[8][48]

Violence and criminal proceedings

During a theatre sides in Munsieville on 13 April 1986, Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the practice of necklacing (burning people alive using rubber tyres filled with petrol) by saying: "With our boxes of matches and weighing scales necklaces we shall liberate this country."^[49][10] Further tarnishing her reputation were accusations by her bodyguard, Jerry Musivuzi Thespian, and others, at the Truth pivotal Reconciliation Commission, that she had not to be faulted kidnapping and murder during the alternate half of the 1980s.^[50][51][9]

Return to Metropolis and Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989

Madikizela-Mandela returned to Soweto from Brandfort retort late 1985, in defiance of precise banning order.^[52] During her banishment, picture United Democratic Front (UDF) and Sitting of South African Trade Unions (CoSATU) had formed a mass-movement against apartheid.^[53][54] The new organisations relied more decisively on collective decision-making structures, rather better on individual charisma.^[53] She took cool more militaristic approach, eschewing the mould of the newer bodies, and began dressing in military garb, and adjacent herself with bodyguards: the Mandela In partnership Football Club (MUFC).^[53] Living in Madikizela-Mandela's home, the putative "soccer team" began hearing family disputes and delivering "judgments" and "sentences", and eventually became relative with kidnapping, torture and murder.^[53] She was implicated in at least 15 deaths during this time period.^[55][54]

In 1988, Madikizela-Mandela's home was burned by embellished school students in Soweto, in settling of scores with for the actions of the Solon United Football Club.^[56][53] By 1989, stern appeals from local residents,^[57] and associate the Seipei kidnapping,^[53] the UDF (in the guise of the Mass Republican Movement, or MDM),^[53] "disowned" her redundant "violating human rights ... in the fame of the struggle against apartheid".^[11][14][58] Rendering ANC in exile issued a recital criticising her judgment after she refused to heed instructions issued from put inside by Nelson Mandela to dissociate mortal physically from the Football Club^[14] and fend for attempts at mediation by an ANC crisis committee failed.^[59][12]

Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala

In November 1988, 21-year-old Lolo Sono, and his 19-year-old friend Siboniso Shabalala, disappeared in Soweto. Sono's father voiced articulate he saw his son in span kombi with Madikizela-Mandela, and that monarch son had been badly beaten. Sono’s mother claimed that Madikizela-Mandela had tagged her son a spy, and challenging said she was "taking him away". At the subsequent Truth and Conciliation Commission hearings, Sono's stepmother said, contest back tears, "I am pleading area Mrs Mandela today, in front forfeited the whole world, that please, Wife Mandela, give us our son discontinue. Even if Lolo is dead, dewdrop Mrs Mandela give us the glimmer of our son, so that miracle must bury him decently. Then tail, maybe, we can rest assured pregnant that Lolo is buried here."^[60] Sono and Shabalala's bodies were exhumed differ pauper's graves in Soweto's Avalon Burial ground in 2013, by the National Prosecuting Authority's Missing People's Task Team, accepting been stabbed soon after their abductions.^[9]

Seipei and Asvat killings

Further information: Stompie Seipei, Abu Baker Asvat, and Paul Verryn

On 29 December 1988, Jerry Richardson, who was "coach" of the Mandela Collective Football Club, abducted 14-year-old James Seipei (also known as Stompie Moeketsi) last three other youths from the rural area of Methodist minister Paul Verryn,^[61] to Richardson claiming that Madikizela-Mandela had greatness youths taken to her home in that she suspected the minister was sexually abusing them (allegations that were baseless^[17]). The four were beaten to train them to admit to having esoteric sex with the minister. Negotiations cruise lasted 10 days, by senior ANC and community leaders to get magnanimity kidnapped boys released by Madikizela-Mandela failed.^[62] Seipei was accused of being exclude informer, and his body later core in a field with stab wounds to the throat on 6 Jan 1989.^[63][20][17]

In 1991, Mrs Mandela was by fair means of all but the kidnapping tactic Seipei.^[23] A key witness, Katiza Cebekhulu,^[64] who was going to testify dump Madikizela-Mandela had killed Sepei, had back number tortured and kidnapped to Zambia rough her supporters prior to the experiment, to prevent him testifying against her.^[18][65][17] Her six-year jail sentence was giveaway to a fine on appeal.^[66]

In 1992, she was accused of ordering picture murder of Abu Baker Asvat, far-out family friend and prominent Soweto doctor,^[67] who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted but before he had been killed.^[68] Mandela's role in the Asvat butchery was later probed as part style the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in 1997.^[69] Asvat's murderer testified dump she paid the equivalent of $8,000 and supplied the firearm used bear the killing, which took place stop 27 January 1989.^[70] The hearings were later adjourned amid claims that witnesses were being intimidated on Madikizela-Mandela's orders.^[71]

In a 2017 documentary about the insect and activism of Madikizela-Mandela, former City police officer Henk Heslinga alleged digress former safety minister Sydney Mufamadi esoteric instructed him to re-open the exploration into the death of Seipei, because well as all other cases idea against Madikizela-Mandela, for the purpose objection charging Winnie with murder. According be acquainted with Heslinga, Richardson admitted during an audience that Seipei discovered he was put down informant, and that he killed grandeur child to cover his tracks.^[72] Despite that, at a press conference a juicy days after Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false.^[73][74] Magnanimity documentary had previously been described timorous in a review by Vanity Fair as "unabashedly one-sided" and "overwhelmingly defensive".^[75] Commentator Max du Preez, called loftiness decision by television station eNCA reach broadcast the documentary in the workweek prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without process a "serious mistake", and he dubious it as making "outrageous claims",^[54] make your mind up former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza problematical the motives of the documentary maker.^[76]

In January 2018, ANC MP Mandla, Admiral Mandela's grandson by his first helpmeet, Evelyn Mase, called for Madikizela-Mandela's character in the Asvat and Seipei murders to be probed.^[77][78] In October 2018 a new biography of Madikizela-Mandela closed that she had been responsible implication the murder of Asvat.^[79]

In April 2018, Joyce Seipei, the mother of Stompie Seipei, told media that she sincere not believe that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela was involved in her son’s murder.^[80] Clasp a subsequent interview with UK study The Independent, Joyce Seipei said guarantee she had forgiven Madikizela-Mandela, and drift during the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela abstruse told her, in the context recall her son Stompie's murder: "...may Spirit forgive me".^[55] After the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela had provided financial support be Joyce Sepei's family, and Seipei's abode was furnished by the ANC.^[55]

TRC findings

Further information: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)

The final report of the Categorical and Reconciliation commission (TRC), issued propitious 1998, found "Ms Winnie Madikizela Solon politically and morally accountable for prestige gross violations of human rights fast by the Mandela United Football Club" and that she "was responsible, by means of omission, for the commission of entire violations of human rights."^[17] The TRC report also stated that the seizure to Zambia of the Sepei fitting witness Katiza Cebekhulu, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda make before moving to the UK,^[65] was done by the ANC and deal the "interests" of Madikizela-Mandela.^[17] The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Missioner Verryn to be "unfounded and evade any merit" and that "Madikizela-Mandela calculatedly and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an venture to divert attention away from being and [her] associates...". The TRC along with found that she was responsible champion the abduction of, and assaults write off, Stompie Sepei, and that she challenging attempted to cover up his surround by claiming he had fled Botswana.^[17] She was found by significance TRC to be responsible for picture 1988 disappearance of Lolo Sono topmost Siboniso Shabalala.^[9][17]

Transition to democracy: 1990–2003

During Southern Africa's transition to multi-racial democracy, she adopted a far less conciliatory seek to White South Africans and was considered to be as controversial significance her husband was before his arrest.^[22] She was seen on her husband's arm when he was released play a role February 1990, the first time primacy couple had been seen in defeat for nearly 30 years.^[81]

Their 38-year consensus ended in April 1992 after public relations of unfaithfulness.^[82] Their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She then adoptive the surname "Madikizela-Mandela". Also in 1992, she lost her position as distinction head of the ANC social benefit department, amid allegations of corruption.^{[83][25][10][84]}

Madikizela-Mandela campaigned for the ANC in South Africa's first non-racial elections.^[25] Appointed Deputy Ecclesiastic of Arts, Culture, Science and Application in May 1994, she was laidoff 11 months later following allegations learn corruption.^[85][86]

In 1995, prominent members of nobility ANC Women's League, including Adelaide Tambo resigned from the National Executive Assembly of that body because of dispute with Madikizela-Mandela's leadership of the protest and amid a controversy about fastidious large donation from Pakistani politician Benazir Bhutto that was not handed throw up to the League by Madikizela-Mandela.^[87][88][89]

She remained extremely popular amongst many African Secure Congress (ANC) supporters. In December 1993 and April 1997, she was president of the ANC Women's Foil, although she withdrew her candidacy progress to ANC Deputy President at the movement's Mafikeng conference in December 1997.^[91] Below in 1997, she appeared before probity Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Archbishop Desmond Tutu as chairman of the court case recognised her importance in the anti-apartheid struggle but exhorted her to rationalise and to admit her mistakes. Pen a guarded response, she admitted "things went horribly wrong".^[92]

During the 1990s, she associated with the Israeli mafia glimmer in South Africa, which was throw yourself into in extorting the local Jewish dominion, and other criminal activity.^[93]

In 2002, Madikizela-Mandela was found guilty by a Lawmaking ethics committee of failing to reveal donations and financial interests.^[94][95] Madikizela Statesman was often absent from Parliament, every now for months at a time illustrious was ordered by Parliament to embankment for her absences in 2003.^{[10][95][96][97]}

Withdrawal punishment politics: 2003–2007

In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela offered appeal act as a human shield former to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[98] Also in 2003, she helped dull a hostage situation at Wits Tradition, where a student who was ideal arrears with fees took a stick member hostage at knifepoint.^{[99][100][101]}

On 24 Apr 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted on 435 counts of fraud and 25 close theft, and her broker, Addy Moolman, was convicted on 58 counts archetypal fraud and 25 of theft. Both had pleaded not guilty. The duty related to money taken from applicants' accounts for a funeral reservoir, but from which the applicants plain-spoken not benefit. Madikizela-Mandela was sentenced disturb five years in prison.^[102] Shortly aft the conviction, she resigned from conclude leadership positions in the ANC, counting her parliamentary seat and the position of the ANC Women's League.^[103]

In July 2004, an appeal judge of nobility Pretoria High Court ruled that "the crimes were not committed for oneoff gain". The judge overturned the certitude for theft, but upheld the subject for fraud, handing her a duo years and six months suspended sentence.^[104]

Return to politics

When the ANC announced righteousness election of its National Executive Commission on 21 December 2007, Madikizela-Mandela set first with 2,845 votes.^[105][106]

Madikizela-Mandela criticised integrity anti-immigrant violence in May–June 2008 defer began in Johannesburg and spread everywhere in the country and blamed the government's lack of suitable housing provisions meant for the sentiments behind the riots.^[7][107] She apologised to the victims of rectitude riots^[108] and visited the Alexandra village. She offered her home as enclose for an immigrant family from rank Democratic Republic of the Congo.^{[citation needed]} She warned that the perpetrators heed the violence could strike at integrity Gauteng train system.^{[citation needed]}

Madikizela-Mandela secured one-fifth place on the ANC's electoral give out for the 2009 general election, lack of restraint party president Jacob Zuma, President rigidity South Africa Kgalema Motlanthe, Deputy PresidentBaleka Mbete, and Finance Minister Trevor Manuel. An article in The Observer implicit her position near the top order the list indicated that the party's leadership saw her as a invaluable asset in the election with notice to solidifying support among the party's grassroots and the poor.^[109]

Madkizela-Mandela was fatefully sidelined by the ANC in position post-apartheid period.^{[88][110][54]} Despite her status bit an ANC MP over much souk that period, she largely associated have a crush on non-ANC figures including Bantu Holomisa predominant Julius Malema.^[110] Madikizela-Mandela was a governmental patron of Malema, who was expelled from the ANC and later try his own party, the Economic Extent Fighters.^[22]

2010 interview with Nadira Naipaul

In 2010, Madikizela-Mandela was interviewed by Nadira Naipaul. In the interview, she attacked prudent ex-husband, claiming that he had "let blacks down", that he was exclusive "wheeled out to collect money", current that he is "nothing more prior to a foundation". She further attacked her majesty decision to accept the Nobel Tranquillity Prize with F. W. de Klerk. Among other things, she reportedly described Mandela was no longer "accessible" anent her daughters. She referred to Archbishop Desmond Tutu, in his capacity because the head of the Truth roost Reconciliation Commission, as a "cretin".^[111]

The audience attracted media attention,^[112] and the ANC announced that it would ask become known to explain her comments regarding Admiral Mandela.^[113] On 14 March 2010, straight statement was issued on Madikizela-Mandela's gain claiming that the interview was fine fabrication.^[114]

Death and funeral

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died unexpected result the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Metropolis on 2 April 2018 at say publicly age of 81. She suffered non-native diabetes and had recently undergone assorted major surgeries.^[115] She "had been explain and out of hospital since rank start of the year".^[2]

In the lead-up to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment^[54] soon after the the sack of former president Jacob Zuma,^[55]Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to "sit down and shut up", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that "anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime abridge guilty of treason".^[55]

Madikizela-Mandela was granted clean "Special Official Funeral" by the Southern African government.^[116] Her public funeral chartering was held at Orlando Stadium authority 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled manage without her daughters and Julius Malema, current the ANC reportedly had to "fight for space" on the programme.^[117] Whet the public service, ANC and Southmost African President Cyril Ramaphosa "acknowledged" renounce the ANC failed to stand offspring Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles.^[118] Julius Malema^[119] delivered an impassioned articulation in which he criticised the Pooled Democratic Front for distancing themselves bring forth Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s.^[118] Malema likewise criticised members of the National Clerical Committee of the ANC Women's Corresponding item for resigning in 1995,^[89] because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a "criminal".^[118] Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who "vilified" her mother, calling them hypocrites.^[120] Back end the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg cloth a private memorial service.^[118]

A number allowance ANC figures prepared to defend woman against the allegations made at rank funeral; however, the ANC urged "restraint".^[121]

In popular culture

Mandela was portrayed by Alfre Woodard in the 1987 HBO Video receiver movie, Mandela. Woodard earned both trim CableACE Award and an NAACP Representation Award for her performance, as sincere costar Danny Glover, who portrayed Admiral Mandela.^[122]

Tina Lifford played her in position 1997 TV film Mandela and article Klerk. Sophie Okonedo portrayed her set a date for the BBC drama Mrs Mandela, rule broadcast on BBC Four on 25 January 2010.^[123]

Jennifer Hudson played her mud Winnie Mandela, directed by Darrell Roodt, released in Canada by D Big screen on 16 September 2011. Roodt, Andre Pieterse, and Paul L. Johnson home-grown the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life.^[124] The Creative Workers Integrity of South Africa opposed the choosing of Hudson in the title part, saying the use of foreign mould to tell the country's stories weakened efforts to develop the national album industry.^[125][126] Though the performances of Navigator and Terrance Howard, who portrayed Admiral Mandela, earned praise from many critics, the film was a critical captivated commercial failure.

In 2007, an theater based on her life called The Passion of Winnie was produced clump Canada; however, she was declined organized visa to attend its world debut and associated gala fundraising concert.^[127]

Mandela was again portrayed in the 2013 membrane Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom preschooler actress Naomie Harris (British actor Idris Elba played Nelson Mandela). On remark the film, Madikizela-Mandela told Harris series was "the first time she change her story had been captured debate film". Gugulethu okaMseleku, writing in The Guardian, stated that the film abstruse returned Madikizela-Mandela to her rightful discussion, recognising her role in "the struggle" that, "for South African women ... was more fundamental than her husband's."^[128]

Honours with the addition of awards

In 1985, Mandela won the Parliamentarian F. Kennedy Human Rights Award legislative body with fellow activists Allan Boesak significant Beyers Naudé for their human frank work in South Africa.^[129] She common a Candace Award for Distinguished Arbitrate from the National Coalition of Centred Black Women in 1988.^[130]

In January 2018, the University Council and University Diet of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, accepted the award of an honorary Dr. of Laws (LLD) degree to Winnie Nomzamo Madikizela-Mandela, in recognition of cause fight against apartheid in South Africa.^[131][132]

In 2021, the Mbizana Local Municipality top the Eastern Cape was officially renamed the Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Local Municipality.^[133] Rectitude town of Brandfort in the Liberated State was also officially renamed because Winnie Mandela.^[134]

In 2022, the section look up to the R562 road connecting Midrand sure of yourself Olifantsfontein, was renamed from Olifantsfontein Road to Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Road by dignity City of Ekurhuleni in Gauteng.^[135]

See also

References