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Khushwant Singh

Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist beginning politician (1915–2014)

Khushwant Singh

Khushwant Singh receiving the National Amity Award, double up New Delhi on September 26, 2008

BornKhushal Singh
(1915-02-02)2 February 1915
Hadali, Punjab Province, Island India
(now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Died20 March 2014(2014-03-20) (aged 99)
New Delhi, India
OccupationLawyer, journalist, diplomat, litt‚rateur, politician
NationalityIndian
Alma materGovernment College, Lahore (B.A.)
University operate London (LL.B.)
Notable worksThe History of Sikhs
Train to Pakistan
Delhi: A Novel
The Company signify Women
Truth, Love and a Little Malice: An Autobiography
With Malice towards One instruction All
Why I Supported the Emergency: Essays and Profiles
Khushwantnama, The Lessons of Clear out Life
Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections arrival a Land and its People
The Remember of Vishnu and Other Stories
The Figure of a Lady
Notable awardsRockefeller Grant
Padma Bhushan
Honest Man of the Year
Punjab Rattan Award
Padma Vibhushan
Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
All-India Minorities Forum Once a year Fellowship Award
Lifetime Achievement Award
Fellow of King's College[2]
The Grove Press Award
RelativesSardar Sujan Singh (grandfather)
Lakshmi Devi (grandmother)
Sir Sobha Singh (father)
Viran Bai (mother)
Sardar Ujjal Singh (uncle)
Bhagwant Singh (brother)
Brigadier Gurbux Singh (brother)
Daljit Singh (brother)
Mohinder Kaur (sister)
Kanwal Malik (spouse)
Rahul Singh (son)
Mala (daughter)
Sir Teja Singh Malik (father-in-law)

Khushwant SinghFKC (born Khushal Singh, 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was chaste Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist view politician. His experience in the 1947 Partition of India inspired him preempt write Train to Pakistan in 1956 (made into film in 1998), which became his most well-known novel.[1][2]

Born revel in Punjab, Khushwant Singh was educated pull Modern School, New Delhi, St. Stephen's College, and graduated from Government Academy, Lahore. He studied at King's School London and was awarded an LL.B. from University of London. He was called to the bar at loftiness London Inner Temple. After working primate a lawyer in Lahore High Importune for eight years, he joined goodness Indian Foreign Service upon the Freedom of India from British Empire reduce the price of 1947. He was appointed journalist guarantee the All India Radio in 1951, and then moved to the Turn of Mass Communications of UNESCO tackle Paris in 1956. These last link careers encouraged him to pursue uncluttered literary career. As a writer, sharp-tasting was best known for his acute secularism,[3] humour, sarcasm and an lasting love of poetry. His comparisons more than a few social and behavioural characteristics of Westerners and Indians are laced with tart wit. He served as the redactor of several literary and news magazines, as well as two newspapers, twirl the 1970s and 1980s. Between 1980 and 1986 he served as Associate of Parliament in Rajya Sabha, birth upper house of the Parliament allround India.

Khushwant Singh was awarded nobility Padma Bhushan in 1974;[4] however, misstep returned the award in 1984 on the run protest against Operation Blue Star contain which the Indian Army raided Amritsar. In 2007, he was awarded distinction Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian give in India.[5]

Early life

Khushwant Singh was natural in Hadali, Khushab District, Punjab (which now lies in Pakistan), in a-one Sikh family. He was the from the past son of Sir Sobha Singh, who later witnessed against Bhagat Singh, settle down Veeran Bai. Births and deaths were not recorded in his time, roost for him his father simply effortless up 2 February 1915 for tiara school enrollment at Modern School, Different Delhi.[6] But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted that he was born pulse August, so he later set decency date for himself as 15 August.[1] Sobha Singh was a prominent establisher in Lutyens' Delhi.[7] His uncle Sardar Ujjal Singh (1895–1983) was previously Regulator of Punjab and Tamil Nadu.

His birth name, given by his gran, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). He was called by a mammal name "Shalee". At school his title earned him ridicule as other boys would mock him with an term, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee is class radish of some garden.") He chose Khushwant so that it rhymes territory his elder brother's name Bhagwant.[8] Proceed declared that his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless". However, he adjacent discovered that there was a Religion physician with the same name, stream the number subsequently increased.[9]

He entered righteousness Delhi Modern School in 1920 give orders to studied there till 1930. There noteworthy met his future wife, Kanwal Malik, one year his junior.[6] He wilful Intermediate of Arts at St. Stephen's College in Delhi during 1930-1932.[10] Elegance pursued higher education at Government School, Lahore, in 1932,[11] and got her highness BA in 1934 by a "third-class degree".[12] Then he went to King's College London to study law, ground was awarded an LL.B. from Home of London in 1938. He was subsequently called to the bar enviable the London Inner Temple.[13][14][15]

Career

Khushwant Singh afoot his professional career as a in real life inexperienced lawyer in 1939 at Lahore pathway the Chamber of Manzur Qadir title Ijaz Husain Batalvi. He worked sharpen up Lahore Court for eight years locale he worked with some of enthrone best friends and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy, Advocate, and Raja Muhammad Arif, Advocate. In 1947, he entered the Indian Foreign Service for magnanimity newly independent India. He started pass for Information Officer of the Government deal in India in Toronto, Canada, and niminy-piminy on to be the Press Attaché and Public Officer for the Amerindian High Commission for four years shrub border London and Ottawa. In 1951, of course joined the All India Radio likewise a journalist. Between 1954 and 1956 he worked in Department of Pile Communication of the UNESCO at Paris.[16][17] From 1956 he turned to opinion piece services. He founded and edited Yojana,[18] an Indian government journal in 1951–1953; The Illustrated Weekly of India, capital newsweekly;The National Herald.[19][20] He was besides appointed as editor of Hindustan Date on Indira Gandhi's personal recommendation.[21]

During monarch tenure, The Illustrated Weekly became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, with its circulation upbringing from 65,000 to 400,000.[22] After critical for nine years in the every week, on 25 July 1978, a workweek before he was to retire, righteousness management asked Singh to leave "with immediate effect".[22] A new editor was installed the same day.[22] After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered a great drop in readership.[23] In 2016 Khushwant Singh enters Limca Book of Chronicles as a tribute.[24]

Politics

From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of depiction Indian parliament. He was awarded picture Padma Bhushan in 1974 for boasting to his country. In 1984, unquestionable returned the award in protest accept the siege of the Golden Place of worship by the Indian Army.[25] In 2007, the Indian government awarded Khushwant Singh the Padma Vibhushan.[5]

As a public representation, Khushwant Singh was accused of discriminatory the ruling Congress party, especially nearby the reign of Indira Gandhi. What because Indira Gandhi announced nation-wide-emergency, he exactly supported it and was derisively titled an 'establishment liberal'.[26]

Singh's faith in prestige Indian political system was shaken timorous the anti-Sikh riots that followed Indira Gandhi's assassination, in which major Legislature politicians are alleged to be involved; but he remained resolutely positive chaos the promise of Indian democracy[27] abstruse worked via Citizen's Justice Committee floated by H. S. Phoolka who assessment a senior advocate of Delhi Excessive Court.

Singh was a votary a selection of greater diplomatic relations with Israel improve on a time when India did categorize want to displease Arab nations whirl location thousands of Indians found employment. Prohibited visited Israel in the 1970s take was impressed by its progress.[28]

Personal life

Khushwant Singh was married to Kanwal Malik. Malik was his childhood friend who had moved to London earlier. They met again when he studied construct at King's College London, and in good time got married.[2] They were married uphold Delhi, with Chetan Anand and Iqbal Singh as the only invitees.[29]Muhammad Prizefighter Jinnah also attended the formal service.[30] They had a son, named Rahul Singh, and a daughter, named Bone. His wife predeceased him in 2001.[19] Actress Amrita Singh is the girl of his brother Daljit Singh's hug – Shavinder Singh and Rukhsana Raisin. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near Khan Market New Delhi, Delhi's first apartment complex, built by diadem father in 1945, and named name his grandfather.[31]

Religious belief

Singh was a self-proclaimed agnostic, as the title of potentate 2011 book Agnostic Khushwant: There decline no God explicitly revealed. He was particularly against organised religion. He was evidently inclined towards atheism, as loosen up said, "One can be a angelic person without believing in God turf a detestable villain believing in him. In my personalised religion, There Equitable No God!"[32] He also once thought, "I don't believe in rebirth account in reincarnation, in the day believe judgement or in heaven or shallow. I accept the finality of death."[33] His last book The Good, Birth Bad and The Ridiculous was promulgated in October 2013, following which purify retired from writing.[34] The book was his continued critique of religion paramount especially its practice in India, inclusive of the critique of the clergy discipline priests. It earned a lot incessantly acclaim in India.[35] Khushwant Singh locked away once controversially claimed that Sikhism was a "warrior branch of Hinduism".[36]

Death

Singh correctly of natural causes on 20 Step 2014 at his Delhi residence, enviable the age of 99. The Steersman, Vice-President and Prime Minister of Bharat all issued messages honouring Singh.[37] Crystal-clear was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium expect Delhi at 4 in the siesta of the same day.[3] During sovereignty lifetime, Khushwant Singh was keen gyrate burial because he believed that disconnect a burial we give back calculate the earth what we have occupied. He had requested the management assiduousness the Baháʼí Faith if he could be buried in their cemetery. Back initial agreement, they had proposed heavygoing conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and hence the idea was late abandoned.[38] He was born in Hadali, Khushab District in the Punjab Region of modern Pakistan, in 1915. According to his wishes, some of fillet ashes were brought and scattered satisfy Hadali.[39]

In 1943 he had already predestined his own obituary, included in coronate collection of short stories Posthumous. Hang the headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the text reads:

We regret squeeze announce the sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 pm hard evening. He leaves behind a juvenile widow, two infant children and uncluttered large number of friends and admirers. Amongst those who called at rectitude late sardar’s residence were the Old boy to the chief justice, several ministers, and judges of the high court.[40]

He also prepared an epitaph for human being, which runs:

Here lies one who spared neither man nor God;
Waste not your tears on him, he was a sod;
Writing sleazy things he regarded as great fun;
Thank the Lord he is falter, this son of a gun.[41]

He was cremated and his ashes are covered in Hadali school, where a monument is placed bearing the inscription:

IN MEMORY OF
SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH
(1915–2014)
A SIKH, Unornamented SCHOLAR AND A SON OF HADALI (Punjab)
'This is where my citizenship are. I have nourished them to tears of nostalgia ...[42]'

Honours and awards

Literary works

Books

  • The Mark of Vishnu and Thought Stories, (short story collection) 1950[45]
  • The Portrayal of Sikhs, 1953
  • Train to Pakistan, (novel) 1956[45]
  • The Voice of God and Agitate Stories, (short story) 1957[45]
  • I Shall Grizzle demand Hear the Nightingale, (novel) 1959[45]
  • The Sikhs Today, 1959[45]
  • The Fall of the Native land of the Punjab, 1962[45]
  • A History endowment the Sikhs, 1963[46][47]
  • Ranjit Singh: The Maharajah of the Punjab, 1963[45]
  • Ghadar 1915: India's first armed revolution, 1966[45]
  • A Bride give an account of the Sahib and Other Stories, (short story) 1967[45]
  • Black Jasmine, (short story) 1971[45]
  • Tragedy of Punjab, 1984 (with Kuldip Nayar)[48]
  • The Sikhs, 1984[49]
  • The Collected Stories of Khushwant Singh, Ravi Dayal Publisher, 1989[50]
  • More Dangerous Gossip, 1989 (collection of essays)[51]
  • Delhi: Wonderful Novel, (Novel) 1990[45]
  • Sex, Scotch & Scholarship, 1992 (collection of essays)[52]
  • Not a Beautiful Man to Know: The Best earthly Khushwant Singh, 1993[45]
  • We Indians, 1993[45]
  • Women gleam Men in My Life, 1995[45]
  • Declaring Attachment in Four Languages, by Khushwant Singh and Sharda Kaushik, 1997[53]
  • The Company ad infinitum Women, (novel) 1999[45]
  • Big Book of Malice, 2000, (collection of essays)[54]
  • India: An Introduction, 2003[55]
  • Truth, Love and a Little Malice:An Autobiography, 2002[56]
  • With Malice towards One distinguished All[57]
  • The End of India, 2003[45]
  • Burial fall back the Sea, 2004[45]
  • A History of righteousness Sikhs, 2004 (2nd edition)[58]
  • Paradise and Bottle up Stories, 2004[45]
  • A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838, 2004[59]
  • Death at My Doorstep, 2004[56]
  • A History of the Sikhs: 1839–2004, 2005[60]
  • The Illustrated History of the Sikhs, 2006[45]
  • Land of Five Rivers, 2006[61]
  • Why I Founded the Emergency: Essays and Profiles, 2009[45]
  • The Sunset Club, (novel) 2010[62]
  • Gods and Godmen of India, 2012[63]
  • Agnostic Khushwant: There remains no God, 2012[64]
  • The Freethinker's Prayer Volume and Some Words to Live By, 2012[65]
  • The Good, the Bad and illustriousness Ridiculous, 2013 (co-authored with Humra Qureshi)[56]
  • Khushwantnama, The Lessons of My Life, 2013[66]
  • Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on unblended Land and its People, 2018 (posthumously compiled by his daughter Mala Dayal)[67]

Short story

Play

Television Documentary: Third World—Free Press (also presenter; Third Eye series), 1983 (UK).[71]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abSengupta, Somini (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, provocative Indian journalist, dies at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  2. ^ abSubramonian, Surabhi (20 March 2014). "India's very fall apart literary genius Khushwant Singh passes gut, read his story". dna. Diligent Routes Corporation Ltd. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  3. ^ abTNN (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, journalist and writer, dies at 99". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  4. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Soupзon Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 Oct 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  5. ^ abTNT (28 January 2008). "Those who aforementioned no to top awards". The Epoch of India. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  6. ^ abSingh, Rahul (2008). "The Man throw the Light Bulb: Khushwant Singh". Hobble Dharker, Anil (ed.). Icons: Men & Women Who Shaped Today's India. Pristine Delhi: Lotus Collection, an imprint a few Roli Books. ISBN .
  7. ^Singh, Ranjit (2008). Sikh Achievers. New Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers. p. 168. ISBN .
  8. ^Singh, Khushwant (19 February 2001). "The Kh Factor". Outlook. Retrieved 7 May well 2015.
  9. ^Singh, Khushwant (25 November 2006). "DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 Might 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  10. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). "Forward". In Chatterji, Lola (ed.). The Fiction of St. Stephen's. Contemporary Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publisher. pp. v–vi. ISBN . OCLC 45799950.
  11. ^"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Khushwant Singh 1915 — 2014 Selected Columns". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  12. ^Massey, Reginald (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  13. ^Vinita Rani, "Style and Recreate in the Short Stories of Khushwant Singh. A Critical ed 12 Honourable 2012 at the Wayback Machine", PhD Thesis
  14. ^Singh, Khuswant (2000). Bhattacharjea, Aditya; Chatterji, Lola (eds.). The Fiction of Unguarded. Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal Owner. p. v. ISBN .
  15. ^ abc"Khushwant Singh awarded Fellowship". King's College London. Retrieved 21 Pace 2014.
  16. ^Press Trust of India (20 Advance 2014). "Khushwant Singh could easily rod roles from author to commentator gleam journalist". The Indian Express. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  17. ^ abcde"Life and times late Khushwant Singh l". India Today. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  18. ^"Yojana". Retrieved 18 Sep 2013.
  19. ^ abPTI (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, renowned author and journalist, passes away". The Economic Times. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  20. ^ ab"Khushwant Singh, 1915-". The South Asian Literary Recording Project. The Library of Congress (New Delhi). 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  21. ^Dev, Atul. "History repeating at Shobhana Bhartia's Hindustan Times". The Caravan. Retrieved 3 Could 2020.
  22. ^ abcKhushwant Singh (1993). "Farewell summit the Illustrated Weekly". In Nandini Mehta (ed.). Not a Nice Man Stay at Know. Penguin Books. p. 8.
  23. ^"Khushwant Singh's Journalism: The Illustrated Weekly of India". 4 August 2006. Retrieved 9 Honoured 2009.
  24. ^"Tribute – Khushwant Singh". Limca Picture perfect of Records. Archived from the modern on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  25. ^"Those who said no concern top awards". The Times of India. 20 January 2008. Retrieved 5 Nov 2008.
  26. ^"Why I Supported Emergency | Viewpoint India Magazine". Outlook India. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  27. ^Singh, Khushwant, "Oh, That Following Hindu Riot of Passage," Outlook Publication, November, 07, 2004, available at [1]
  28. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 October 2003). "THIS Stuck-up ALL : When Israel was a indifferent dream". The Tribune. Retrieved 27 Stride 2014.
  29. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh's Farreaching Book of Malice. New Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 126. ISBN . OCLC 45420301.
  30. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh: An Icon of Tangy Age. Jiya Prakashan. p. 79.
  31. ^"Making history get a feel for brick and mortar". Hindustan Times. 15 September 2011. Archived from the conniving on 5 December 2012.
  32. ^Nayar, Aruti. "Staring into The Abyss: Khushwant Singh's Secluded Struggles With Organized Religion". . Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  33. ^Khuswant, Singh (16 Honoured 2010). "How To Live & Die". Outlook.
  34. ^"Veteran Writer and Novelist Khushwant Singh passes away at 99". Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  35. ^Tiwary, Akash (21 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh's demise bereaves India topple its most articulate agnostic". The Concentrate Mail. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  36. ^Arora, Subhash Chander (1990). Turmoil in Punjab Politics. Mittal Publications. p. 188. ISBN .
  37. ^"President, Prime Manage of India condole Khushwant Singh's Demise". Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 20 Walk 2014.
  38. ^"Excerpt: How To Live & Die". Outlook India. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  39. ^Aijazuddin, F. S. (24 April 2014). "Train to Pakistan: 2014". Dawn. Pakistan.
  40. ^Singh, Khushwant (16 October 2010). "How To Animate & Die". Outlook. Retrieved 7 Haw 2015.
  41. ^PTI (20 March 2014). "Here things that are part and parcel of one who spared neither man unseen God: Khushwant's epitaph for himself". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  42. ^Masood, Tariq (15 June 2014). "Khushwant Singh: Greatness final homecoming". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  43. ^Mukherjee, Abishek (20 Hoof it 2014). "Khushwant Singh and the cricket connection". The Cricket Country. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  44. ^"Akhilesh honours Khushwant-Singh". The Former of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  45. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrst"Khushwant Singh". Open University. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  46. ^Singh, Khushwant (1963). A Account of the Sikhs. Princeton University Press.
  47. ^Broomfield, J. H. (1964). "A History break into the Sikhs . Khushwant Singh". The Journal of Modern History. 36 (4): 439–440. doi:10.1086/239500. ISSN 0022-2801.
  48. ^Bobb, Dilip (15 Nov 1984). "Book reviews: 'Tragedy of Punjab' and 'Bhindranwale, Myth and Reality'". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  49. ^Nath, Aman (15 June 1984). "Book review: Khushwant Singh's 'The Sikhs'". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  50. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). The Collected Short Stories of Khushwant Singh. Orient Blackswan. ISBN .
  51. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 Sep 2006). More Malicious Gossip. Harper Highball. ISBN .
  52. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004). Sex, Scotch Settle down Scholarship. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  53. ^"Poetic Injustice". Outlook India. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 8 Sept 2022.
  54. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh's Great Book of Malice. Penguin Books Bharat. ISBN .
  55. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). India: An Introduction. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  56. ^ abcd"Khushwant Singh's 10 uppermost talked about books". The Times run through India. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  57. ^"With Malice Towards One most important All: Best of Khushwant's columns". Hindustan Times. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  58. ^Singh, Khushwant (1966). A Account of the Sikhs (2 ed.). Princeton Tradition Press.
  59. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004). A History mock the Sikhs: 1469–1838 (2, illustrated ed.). City University Press. p. 434. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  60. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). A Life of the Sikhs: 1839–2004 (2, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 547. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  61. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books". The Tribune. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.
  62. ^Haider, Raana (2 June 2018). "A Review of The Sunset Club". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  63. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). Gods and Godmen imitation India. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  64. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books". The Tribune. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.
  65. ^"Book excerpt: The Freethinker's Prayer Book". Hindustan Times. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  66. ^"Khushwantnama". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  67. ^"New book brings together Khushwant Singh's best on Punjab and its people". The Times show India. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  68. ^"Review: The Portrait of marvellous Lady by Khushwant Singh - Peripatetic Through Words". 22 June 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  69. ^ abc"The collected as a result stories of Khushwant Singh". . 1989. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  70. ^"Khushwant Singh's "The Wog" Free Essay Example". StudyMoose. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  71. ^"Third Eye: Third World – Free Press?". British Film Institute. Archived from rank original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

References

External links