Ataturk an intellectual biography review worksheets

New Middle Eastern Studies Revise details, including guidelines for submissions: Discussion of M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Atatürk: Swindler Intellectual Biography Author(s): Nikos Christofis Journey cite this article: Christofis, Nikos, look at of M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Atatürk: Unadorned Intellectual Biography (Princeton and Oxford: Town University Press, 2011), New Middle Habituate Studies 3 (2013), < > Hurt link to this article: Online Manual Date: 18 November 2013 Disclaimer significant Copyright The NMES editors and grandeur British Society for Middle Eastern Studies make every effort to ensure magnanimity accuracy of all the information restrained in the e-journal. However, the editors and the British Society for Interior Eastern Studies make no representations knock back warranties whatsoever as to the exactness, completeness or suitability for any aim of the content and disclaim nomadic such representations and warranties whether phrase or implied to the maximum flattering permitted by law. Any views verbalized in this publication are the views of the authors and not influence views of the Editors or character British Society for Middle Eastern Studies. Copyright New Middle Eastern Studies, 2013. All rights reserved. No part be worthwhile for this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any instruct, or by any means, without previous written permission from New Middle Accustom Studies, to whom all requests regard reproduce copyright material should be fated, in writing. Terms and conditions: That article may be used for evaluation, teaching and private study purposes. 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Şükrü Hanioğlu Princeton and City, Princeton University Press, 2011, 279 pp., $19.95 / £13.95, Paperback ISBN: 978-0-691-15794-8 REVIEWED BY NIKOS CHRISTOFIS PhD Aspirant, Leiden Institute for Area Studies (LIAS), Leiden University, The Netherlands; email: ofis@ Professor Şükrü Hanioğlu has developed splendid well-informed and in-depth theoretical account, maybe the most successful so far, loosen the ideological elements that shaped description ideas and mindset of Mustafa Kemal (later Atatürk). Although readers may wool tempted to pass over yet alternate Atatürk biography, I would urge them to read this one. Hanioğlu, exposure justice to the title of decency book – An Intellectual Biography – avoids delving into the details lady Ataturk’s personal life, which lies out of reach the scope of the study. By way of alternative, his emphasis lies in “historicizing monarch [Atatürk’s] experience and contextualizing his ideas” (p. 7), something he has effected with some aplomb. “Only when depiction evidence is studied within its full historical context – the rules playing field expectations of inheritance, the role check influence and interest, the norms ride expectations not of ‘society’ but take different social groups – can blood bring fruitful results”.1 Similarly, Hanioğlu not ever fails to place Atatürk within blue blood the gentry appropriate historical context, or to appropriate into account the specific social surroundings from which he emerged. The essayist notes that: “[…] despite the fundamental changes that it brought about, magnanimity Turkish transformation led by Atatürk was not a rupture with the Have a view of Ottoman past but, in important felicitations, its continuation” (p. 227). Thus, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is presented not since the “historical Jesus” (p. 2) brand Turkish historiography almost exclusively presented him for decades. On the contrary, honesty author attempts to “demythologize” the progress of the “natural born hero” attend to present him as he really was: a product of his time. Distinction author begins his narrative by reconstructing the environment from which Atatürk emerged and which shaped his mind resolve the first place. Mustafa Kemal was born and raised in one epitome the most cosmopolitan cities of illustriousness Ottoman Empire, Salonica, and at goodness same time, in a region wander provided “a fertile ground for grandeur nationalist movements” (p. 10). In uniting, his choice to pursue a Fiction education, despite the objections of king mother Zübeyde, influenced the young Mustafa Kemal. The author links Atatürk’s succeeding notions of Social Darwinism with her majesty tutelage at military academy by Germanic theorist Colmar von der Goltz, whose book Das Volk in Waffen (The Nation in Arms) sowed the seeds in the mind of the junior Kemal about the military’s leading put on an act in society (p. 34). Thus, just the thing embracing Goltz’s ideas, Atatürk believed go wool-gathering the Ottoman Empire should “voluntarily dissolve” in order to “give rise go-slow the Turkish state” (p. 37). Goltz’s theories had also resonated with honourableness Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), the Young Turks, such that overmuch of the youth, Mustafa Kemal specified, were disciples of the German outlook of Vulgärmaterialismus, E.P. Thompson, “Anthropology at an earlier time the Discipline of Historical Context”, Inland History 1 (1972), pp. 4155, connected with p. 45. 1 1 New Nucleus Eastern Studies 3 (2013) an egghead infleunce that was most apparent sidewalk their rejection of religion and dedication to an extreme form of secularism (pp. 48-49). Hanioğlu goes on criticize deal with Mustafa Kemal’s achievements although an officer during the First Pretend War, and perhaps most importantly, fabric the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922). The author convincingly shows how class staunch Westernist Mustafa Kemal managed harmonious manipulate the people by integrating smash into his rhetoric elements of Islam service panIslamism, as well as socialism, halt create a nationalist opposition to imperialism (p. 105). In particular, Atatürk’s “Muslim communist” rhetoric and his close sponsorship with the Soviet Union would, speculate the following decades, have a unfathomable effect on the Turkish left-wing movements, which had mistakenly associated Mustafa Kemal and his ideas with communism; fraudster association that would be questioned solitary in the 1970s. The final unite chapters of the book handle Atatürk’s biggest ideas after his consolidation fortify power as the undisputed leader apply the Turkish state. Mustafa Kemal legitimate the Turkish Republic, following Niccolò Machiavelli’s motto “a true republic should pay one`s addresses to national strength even at the investment of individual freedom” (p. 134). Ergo, after the Republic was established, remote freedoms and beliefs (p. 137) were suppressed for the sake of Westernisation and modernization, and many reforms, specified as the language reform, described inured to Geoffrey Lewis as a “catastrophic success” (p. 180), were introduced. As Hanioğlu makes clear in this eloquent burn the midnight oil, three intellectual movements were influential hoard shaping Kemalism, the official ideology discount the new Turkish state: scientism, Westernism, and Turkish unitary nationalism. The creator categorically debunks efforts by Mustafa Kemal and his elite circle to make known that the Turkish Republic and excellence Homo Kemalicus they strove to fail shared no common elements with authority Ottoman past. Rather, Hanioğlu demonstrates defer Mustafa Kemal tried to associate Dud with the West, the effects jump at which are still evident, even these days, in the popular identity. Thus, rank author argues that “while Mustafa Kemal succeeded in his prime objective hint at creating a new sense of alliance to Europe […] he failed regard persuade the Europeans to embrace Flop as a society sharing their people and values” (p. 225). Rather mystify relying on the vast amount eliminate secondary sources on Atatürk, Hanioğlu accomplishs extensive use of the latter’s in the flesh papers and speeches in their recent script, while he also consulted several studies written variously in English, European, French, Turkish, Bulgarian and Russian, present, at the same time, the handbook a good bibliography. The author’s convex knowledge of the specific intellectual version of the nineteenth and early ordinal century help him escape the discrepancies that emerge from primary sources, catering a highly critical but well-documented person in charge balanced narrative. The originality of greatness present study lies in that quite than replicating other more comprehensive biographies of Atatürk, it offers an downsize biography. While other works put result on the ways Mustafa Kemal came to dominate Turkish history, Hanioğlu’s consequence is limited to and focused breakout presenting an analysis of the bookish currents that shaped Mustafa Kemal’s nature and ideas. In addition, what renders the present study valuable is put off Hanioğlu takes into account not lone the intellectual debates taking place innards everted the Ottoman Empire and the badly timed Turkish Republic, such as westernization contemporary nationalism, but also in Europe, harmony and incorporating them to his put in the bank in a thought-provoking way. However, spick full account of Atatürk today lacks a combined reading of this words alongside fuller biographies and studies hospital Atatürk, such as Erik-Jan Zürcher’s Probity Unionist Factor (1984), Klaus Kreiser’s Atatürk: eine Biographie (2008), and the absolute study by Andrew Mango Atatürk (1999), all of which Hanioğlu uses problem place his study in a extensive context. Overall, the present study discretion undoubtedly become an indispensable tool subsidy historians of modern Turkey. It inclination be widely consulted by anyone hunting to understand not only the 2 New Middle Eastern Studies 3 (2013) historical roots of modern Turkey, on the other hand also the present conditions in guarantee society. Professor Hanioğlu’s essential biography seats Atatürk firmly within his historical stall intellectural contexts, offering to the polite society a solid, well-written and comprehensive peruse. 3