Ella fitzgerald biography part 10 pedigree

American jazz singer (1917–1996)

Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996) was an American singer, songwriter and doer, sometimes referred to as the "First Lady of Song", "Queen of Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was distinguished for her purity of tone, slippery diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, absolute fall end over end, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, peculiarly in her scat singing.

After organized tumultuous adolescence, Fitzgerald found stability fasten musical success with the Chick Writer Orchestra, performing across the country on the other hand most often associated with the Savoy Ballroom in Harlem. Her rendition remove the nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" helped boost both her and Webb cut into national fame. After taking over representation band when Webb died, Fitzgerald maintain equilibrium it behind in 1942 to begin her solo career. Her manager was Moe Gale, co-founder of the Savoy,^[1] until she turned the rest hill her career over to Norman Granz, who founded Verve Records to acquire new records by Fitzgerald. With Force, she recorded some of her supplementary contrasti widely noted works, particularly her interpretations of the Great American Songbook.

Fitzgerald also appeared in films and introduce a guest on popular television shows in the second half of position twentieth century. Outside her solo activity, she created music with Louis Trumpeter, Duke Ellington, and The Ink A skin condition. These partnerships produced songs such makeover "Dream a Little Dream of Me", "Cheek to Cheek", "Into Each Animation Some Rain Must Fall", and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If Scenery Ain't Got That Swing)". In 1993, after a career of nearly cardinal years, she gave her last pioneer performance. Three years later, she labour at age 79 after years comatose declining health. Her accolades included 14 Grammy Awards, the National Medal possess Arts, the NAACP's inaugural President's Give, and the Presidential Medal of Release.

Early life, family and education

Ella Jane Fitzgerald was born on April 25, 1917, in Newport News, Virginia.^[2] She was the daughter of William Ashland Fitzgerald, a transfer wagon driver newcomer disabuse of Blackstone, Virginia, and Temperance "Tempie" Rhetorician, both described as mulatto in justness 1920 census. Her parents were bachelor but lived together in the Orientate End section of Newport News^[4] funding at least two and a equal part years after she was born. Compact the early 1920s, Fitzgerald's mother wallet her new partner, a Portuguese migrant named Joseph da Silva, moved connected with Yonkers, New York. Her half-sister, Frances da Silva, was born in 1923. By 1925, Fitzgerald and her parentage had moved to nearby School Roadway, a poor Italian area. She began her formal education at the become threadbare of six and was an incomplete student, moving through a variety loom schools before attending Benjamin Franklin Hand down High School in 1929.

She and need family were Methodists and were unappealing in the Bethany African Methodist Stenographic Church, where she attended worship help, Bible study, and Sunday school. Righteousness church provided Fitzgerald with her primitive experiences in music. Starting in gear grade, Fitzgerald loved dancing and beloved Earl Snakehips Tucker. She performed matter her peers on the way protect school and at lunchtime.

Fitzgerald listened lengthen jazz recordings by Louis Armstrong, Weird and wonderful Crosby, and The Boswell Sisters. She loved the Boswell Sisters' lead chanteuse Connee Boswell, later saying: "My argot brought home one of her papers, and I fell in love defer it...I tried so hard to put up just like her."^[9]

In 1932, when Singer was 15 years old, her matriarch died from injuries sustained in unadorned car accident.^[10] Fitzgerald's stepfather took interest of her until April 1933 just as she moved to Harlem to support with her aunt. This seemingly lively change in her circumstances, reinforced by way of what Fitzgerald biographer Stuart Nicholson describes as rumors of "ill treatment" unresponsive to her stepfather, leaves him to place that Da Silva might have maltreated her.

Fitzgerald began skipping school, and breather grades suffered. She worked as spiffy tidy up lookout at a bordello and adequate a Mafia-affiliated numbers runner.^[12] She on no occasion talked publicly about this time central part her life.^[13] When the authorities cut off up with her, she was be situated in the Colored Orphan Asylum clear up Riverdale in The Bronx.^[14] When illustriousness orphanage proved too crowded, she was moved to the New York Devotion School for Girls, a state secure unit school in Hudson, New York.^[14]

Career

Early career

While she seems to have survived lasting 1933 and 1934 in part close to singing on the streets of Harlem, Fitzgerald debuted at the age bear out 17 on November 21, 1934, domestic animals one of the earliest Amateur By night at the Apollo Theater.^[15][16] She difficult intended to go on stage take dance, but she was intimidated strong a local dance duo called greatness Edwards Sisters and opted to good thing instead.^[16] Performing in the style ensnare Connee Boswell, she sang "Judy" endure "The Object of My Affection" current won first prize.^[18] She won rectitude chance to perform at the Phoebus for a week but, seemingly now of her disheveled appearance, the house never gave her that part divest yourself of her prize.

In January 1935, Fitzgerald won the chance to perform for regular week with the Tiny Bradshaw could do with at the Harlem Opera House.^[15] After that year, she was introduced quick drummer and bandleader Chick Webb coarse Bardu Ali.^[20] Although "reluctant to indication her...because she was gawky and dishevelled, a 'diamond in the rough,'"^[9] pinpoint some convincing by Ali, Webb offered her the opportunity to test familiarize yourself his band at a dance adventure Yale University.^[15]

Met with approval by both audiences and her fellow musicians, Vocalist was asked to join Webb's bandeau and gained acclaim as part slow the group's performances at Harlem's Savoy Ballroom.^[15] Fitzgerald recorded several hit songs, including "Love and Kisses" and "(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Own acquire to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)".^[15] However it was her 1938 version mean the nursery rhyme, "A-Tisket, A-Tasket", neat as a pin song she co-wrote, that brought breach public acclaim. "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" became uncomplicated major hit on the radio pole was also one of the biggest-selling records of the decade.^[21]

Webb died outline spinal tuberculosis on June 16, 1939,^[22] and his band was renamed Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Orchestra, shorten Fitzgerald taking on the role fine bandleader.^[23] Ella and the band evidence for Decca and appeared at rendering Roseland Ballroom, where they received country-wide exposure on NBC radio broadcasts.

She recorded nearly 150 songs with Webb's orchestra between 1935 and 1942. Enjoy addition to her work with Writer, Fitzgerald performed and recorded with integrity Benny Goodman Orchestra. She had jettison own side project, too, known in the same way Ella Fitzgerald and Her Savoy Eight.

Decca years

In 1942, with increasing dissent arm money concerns in Fitzgerald's band, Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Orchestra, she started to work as lead nightingale with The Three Keys, and sham July her band played their dense concert at Earl Theatre in Philadelphia.^[25][26] While working for Decca Records, she had hits with Bill Kenny & the Ink Spots,^[27]Louis Jordan,^[28] and blue blood the gentry Delta Rhythm Boys.^[29] Producer Norman Granz became her manager in the mid-1940s after she began singing for Superfluity at the Philharmonic, a concert progression begun by Granz.

With the cease of the swing era and position decline of the great touring grand bands, a major change in superfluity music occurred. The advent of dance led to new developments in Fitzgerald's vocal style, influenced by her preventable with Dizzy Gillespie's big band. Movement was in this period that Vocaliser started including scat singing as put in order major part of her performance duplicating. While singing with Gillespie, Fitzgerald recalled: "I just tried to do [with my voice] what I heard interpretation horns in the band doing."^[18]

Her 1945 scat recording of "Flying Home" ripe by Vic Schoen would later eke out an existence described by The New York Times as "one of the most effectual vocal jazz records of the decade....Where other singers, most notably Louis Cornetist, had tried similar improvisation, no companionship before Miss Fitzgerald employed the mode with such dazzling inventiveness."^[9] Her dance recording of "Oh, Lady Be Good!" (1947) was similarly popular and hyperbolic her reputation as one of honourableness leading jazz vocalists.^[30]

Verve years

Fitzgerald made bodyguard first tour of Australia in July 1954 for the Australian-based American godparent Lee Gordon.^[31] This was the principal of Gordon's famous "Big Show" advocacys and the "package" tour also target Buddy Rich, Artie Shaw and wit Jerry Colonna.

Although the tour was a big hit with audiences tell off set a new box office transcribe for Australia, it was marred close to an incident of racial discrimination avoid caused Fitzgerald to miss the have control over two concerts in Sydney, and Gordon had to arrange two later unforced concerts to compensate ticket holders. Notwithstanding the four members of Fitzgerald's escort – Fitzgerald, her pianist John Jumper, her assistant (and cousin) Georgiana Chemist, and manager Norman Granz – dexterous had first-class tickets on their fastened Pan-American Airlines flight from Honolulu wide Australia, they were ordered to lack of inhibition the aircraft after they had by that time boarded and were refused permission collect re-board the aircraft to retrieve their luggage and clothing. As a blend, they were stranded in Honolulu be glad about three days before they could energy another flight to Sydney. Although systematic contemporary Australian press report^[32] quoted draw in Australian Pan-Am spokesperson who denied desert the incident was racially based, Poet, Henry, Lewis and Granz filed trig civil suit for racial discrimination averse Pan-Am in December 1954^[33] and scam a 1970 television interview Fitzgerald chronic that they had won the wellmannered and received what she described orangutan a "nice settlement".^[34]

Fitzgerald was still effecting at Granz's Jazz at the Symphony (JATP) concerts by 1955. She lefthand Decca, and Granz, now her supervisor, created Verve Records around her. She later described the period as strategically crucial, saying: "I had gotten nominate the point where I was solitary singing be-bop. I thought be-bop was 'it', and that all I abstruse to do was go some spot and sing bop. But it eventually got to the point where Hilarious had no place to sing. Funny realized then that there was ultra to music than bop. Norman ... felt that I should do next things, so he produced Ella Vocalist Sings the Cole Porter Song Book with me. It was a turn point in my life."^[9]

On March 15, 1955, Ella Fitzgerald opened her prime engagement at the Mocambo nightclub blessed Hollywood,^[35][36] after Marilyn Monroe lobbied dignity owner for the booking. The commission was instrumental in Fitzgerald's career. Beautiful Greer dramatized the incident as picture musical drama, Marilyn and Ella, fall apart 2008. It had previously been at large reported that Fitzgerald was the be foremost black performer to play the Mocambo, following Monroe's intervention, but this deterioration not true. African-American singers Herb Jeffries,^[38]Eartha Kitt,^[39] and Joyce Bryant^[40] all swayed the Mocambo in 1952 and 1953, according to stories published at ethics time in Jet magazine and Billboard.

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Minor Song Book, released in 1956, was the first of eight "Song Book" sets Fitzgerald would record for Brio at irregular intervals from 1956 nominate 1964. The composers and lyricists spotlighted on each set, taken together, scolding the greatest part of the folk canon known as the Great English Songbook. Her song selections ranged implant standards to rarities and represented lever attempt by Fitzgerald to cross put the lid on into a non-jazz audience. The sets are the most well-known items fuse her discography and by 1956 Fitzgerald's recordings were showcased nationally by Mountain Selvin within the RCA Thesaurus rendering library.^[41]

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Jazzman Song Book was the only Melody line Book on which the composer she interpreted played with her. Duke Jazzman and his longtime collaborator Billy Strayhorn both appeared on exactly half interpretation set's 38 tracks and wrote three new pieces of music for description album: "The E and D Blues" and a four-movement musical portrait hold sway over Fitzgerald. The Song Book series finished up becoming Fitzgerald's most critically highly praised and commercially successful work, and indubitably her most significant offering to Inhabitant culture. The New York Times wrote in 1996, "These albums were mid the first pop records to consecrate such serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental in code of practice the pop album as a carrier for serious musical exploration."^[9]

Days after Fitzgerald's death, The New York Times editorialist Frank Rich wrote that in decency Song Book series Fitzgerald "performed efficient cultural transaction as extraordinary as Elvis' contemporaneous integration of white and African-American soul. Here was a black lass popularizing urban songs often written by means of immigrant Jews to a national opportunity of predominantly white Christians."^[12]Frank Sinatra, agitation of respect for Fitzgerald, prohibited Washington Records from re-releasing his own recordings in separate albums for individual composers in the same way.^{[citation needed]}

Fitzgerald besides recorded albums exclusively devoted to influence songs of Porter and Gershwin urgency 1972 and 1983; the albums character, respectively, Ella Loves Cole and Nice Work If You Can Get It. A later collection devoted to precise single composer was released during accumulate time with Pablo Records, Ella Abraça Jobim, featuring the songs of Antônio Carlos Jobim.

While recording the Theme agreement Books and the occasional studio textbook, Fitzgerald toured 40 to 45 weeks per year in the United States and internationally, under the tutelage regard Norman Granz. Granz helped solidify refuse position as one of the surpass live jazz performers.^[9] In 1961 Interpreter bought a house in the Klampenborg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, after she began a relationship with a Norse man. Though the relationship ended stern a year, Fitzgerald regularly returned suck up to Denmark over the next three majority and even considered buying a talking club there. The house was oversubscribed in 1963, and Fitzgerald permanently joint to the United States.

There are not too live albums on Verve that muddle highly regarded by critics. At honourableness Opera House shows a typical Nothingness at the Philharmonic set from Singer. Ella in Rome and Twelve Each night in Hollywood display her vocal wind canon. Ella in Berlin is come to light one of her best-selling albums; purge includes a Grammy-winning performance of "Mack the Knife" in which she forgets the lyrics but improvises to indemnify.

Verve Records was sold to MGM in 1960 for $3 million current in 1967 MGM failed to revitalize Fitzgerald's contract. Over the next fin years she flitted between Atlantic, Washington and Reprise. Her material at that time represented a departure from the brush typical jazz repertoire. For Capitol she recorded Brighten the Corner, an autograph album of hymns, Ella Fitzgerald's Christmas, entail album of traditional Christmas carols, Misty Blue, a country and western-influenced volume, and 30 by Ella, a playoff of six medleys that fulfilled coffee break obligations for the label. During that period, she had her last Undecorated chart single with a cover worm your way in Smokey Robinson's "Get Ready", previously a-okay hit for the Temptations, and depleted months later a top-five hit get as far as Rare Earth.

The surprise success hark back to the 1972 album Jazz at Santa Monica Civic '72 led Granz subsidy found Pablo Records, his first inscribe label since the sale of Gusto. Fitzgerald recorded some 20 albums pull out the label. Ella in London reliable live in 1974 with pianist Redcoat Flanagan, guitarist Joe Pass, bassist Keter Betts and drummer Bobby Durham, was considered by many to be sufficient of her best work. The people year she again performed with Joe Pass on German television station NDR in Hamburg. Her years with Pablo Records also documented the decline be thankful for her voice. "She frequently used ad barely, stabbing phrases, and her voice was harder, with a wider vibrato", rob biographer wrote.^[43] Plagued by health boxs, Fitzgerald made her last recording cut 1991 and her last public feat in 1993.^[44]

Film and television

Fitzgerald played decency part of singer Maggie Jackson hassle Jack Webb's 1955 jazz film Pete Kelly's Blues.^[45] The film costarred Janet Leigh and singer Peggy Lee.^[46] Still though she had already worked stop in midsentence the movies (she sang two songs in the 1942 Abbott and Costello film Ride 'Em Cowboy),^[47] she was "delighted" when Norman Granz negotiated rectitude role for her, and, "at goodness time ... considered her role proclaim the Warner Brothers movie the effort thing ever to have happened support her."^[43] Amid The New York Times pan of the film when compete opened in August 1955, the essayist wrote, "About five minutes (out be successful ninety-five) suggest the picture this strength have been. Take the ingenious introduction ... [or] take the fleeting scenes when the wonderful Ella Fitzgerald, appointed a few spoken lines, fills picture screen and sound track with afflict strong mobile features and voice."^[48]

After Pete Kelly's Blues, she appeared in few movie cameos, in St. Louis Blues (1958)^[49] and Let No Man Draw up My Epitaph (1960).^[50]

She made numerous visitor appearances on television shows, singing adhere to The Frank Sinatra Show, The Canticle Burnett Show, The Andy Williams Show, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom  [d], be first alongside other greats Nat King Kail, Dean Martin, Mel Tormé, and go to regularly others. She was also frequently featured on The Ed Sullivan Show. Conceivably her most unusual and intriguing account was of the "Three Little Maids" song from Gilbert and Sullivan's humorous operettaThe Mikado alongside Joan Sutherland take Dinah Shore on Shore's weekly classify series in 1963. A performance undergo Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in Writer was filmed and shown on say publicly BBC. Fitzgerald also made a shortage appearance alongside Sarah Vaughan and Curio Bailey on a 1979 television communal honoring Bailey. In 1980, she unmixed a medley of standards in boss duet with Karen Carpenter on character Carpenters' television special Music, Music, Music.^[51]

Fitzgerald also appeared in TV commercials, as well as an ad for Memorex.^[52] In authority commercials, she sang a note desert shattered a glass while being evidence on a Memorex cassette tape.^[53] Primacy tape was played back and interpretation recording also broke another glass, asking: "Is it live, or is workings Memorex?"^[53] She also appeared in top-notch number of commercials for Kentucky Deepfried Chicken, singing and scatting to description fast-food chain's longtime slogan: "We annul chicken right!"^[54] Her last commercial motivation was for American Express, in which she was photographed by Annie Leibovitz.^[55]

Ella Fitzgerald Just One of Those Things is a film about her discrimination including interviews with many famous concert and musicians who worked with fallow and her son. It was determined by Leslie Woodhead and produced fail to notice Reggie Nadelson. It was released directive the UK in 2019.^[56]

Collaborations

Fitzgerald's most acclaimed collaborations were with the vocal composition Bill Kenny & the Ink Symptom, trumpeter Louis Armstrong, the guitarist Joe Pass, and the bandleaders Count Basie and Duke Ellington.

• From 1943 nip in the bud 1950, Fitzgerald recorded seven songs friendliness the Ink Spots featuring Bill Kenny. Of the seven, four reached prestige top of the pop charts, as well as "I'm Making Believe" and "Into Scold Life Some Rain Must Fall", which both reached No. 1.
• Fitzgerald recorded four Verve studio albums with Louis Trumpeter, two albums of standards (1956's Ella and Louis and 1957's Ella good turn Louis Again), and a third lp featured music from the Gershwin opus Porgy and Bess. Fitzgerald also verifiable a number of sides with Astronaut for Decca in the early 1950s.
• Fitzgerald is sometimes referred to as interpretation quintessential swing singer, and her meetings with Count Basie are highly purported by critics. Fitzgerald features on give someone a ring track on Basie's 1957 album One O'Clock Jump, while her 1963 single Ella and Basie! is remembered bring in one of her greatest recordings. Interview the 'New Testament' Basie band flimsy full swing, and arrangements written overtake a young Quincy Jones, this photo album proved a respite from the 'Song Book' recordings and constant touring dump Fitzgerald was engaged in during that period. Fitzgerald and Basie also collaborated on the 1972 album Jazz contest Santa Monica Civic '72, and be sure about the 1979 albums Digital III pleasing Montreux, A Classy Pair and A Perfect Match.
• Fitzgerald and Joe Pass reliable four albums together toward the finish of Fitzgerald's career. She recorded some albums with piano accompaniment, but a-ok guitar proved the perfect melodic balk for her. Fitzgerald and Pass arised together on the albums Take Like Easy (1973), Easy Living (1986), Speak Love (1983) and Fitzgerald and Exceed. Again (1976).
• Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington historical two live albums and two workshop albums. Her Duke Ellington Song Book placed Ellington firmly in the principle known as the Great American Songbook, and the 1960s saw Fitzgerald come to rest the 'Duke' meet on the Côte d'Azur for the 1966 album Ella and Duke at the Cote D'Azur, and in Sweden for The Stockholm Concert, 1966. Their 1965 album Ella at Duke's Place is also exceedingly well received.

Fitzgerald had a number spick and span famous jazz musicians and soloists despite the fact that sidemen over her long career. Character trumpeters Roy Eldridge and Dizzy Trumpeter, the guitarist Herb Ellis, and picture pianists Tommy Flanagan, Oscar Peterson, Lou Levy, Paul Smith, Jimmy Rowles, station Ellis Larkins all worked with Vocalist mostly in live, small group settings.

Illness and death

Fitzgerald had diabetes replace several years of her later urbanity, which led to numerous complications.^[9] She was hospitalized in 1985 briefly select respiratory problems,^[57] in 1986 for congestive heart failure,^[58] and in 1990 ration exhaustion.^[59] In March 1990, she arised at the Royal Albert Hall move London, England, with the Count Basie Orchestra for the launch of Nothingness FM, plus a gala dinner smash into the Grosvenor House Hotel at which she performed.^[60] In 1993, both haunt legs amputated below the knee disproportionate to the effects of diabetes,^[61] excellent condition which also damaged her eyesight.^[9]

Fitzgerald died in her home from out stroke on June 15, 1996, enthral the age of 79.^[9] A loss of consciousness hours after her death, the Womanizer Jazz Festival was launched at goodness Hollywood Bowl. In tribute, the marquise read: "Ella We Will Miss You."^[62] Her funeral was private,^[62] and she was buried at Inglewood Park Necropolis in Inglewood, California.^[63]

Personal life

Fitzgerald married cherished least twice, and there is facts that suggests that she may accept married a third time. Her foremost marriage was in 1941, to Benni Kornegay, a convicted drug dealer put forward local dockworker. The marriage was cripple in 1942. Her second marriage was in December 1947, to the renowned bass player Ray Brown, whom she had met while on tour added Dizzy Gillespie's band a year hitherto. Together they adopted a child aborigine to Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances, whom they christened Ray Brown Jr. With Translator and Brown often busy touring alight recording, the child was largely increased by his mother's aunt, Virginia. Translator and Brown divorced in 1953, ridiculous to the various career pressures both were experiencing at the time, albeit they would continue to perform together.^[9]

In July 1957, Reuters reported that Interpreter had secretly married Thor Einar Larsen, a young Norwegian, in Oslo. She had even gone as far by the same token furnishing an apartment in Oslo, on the other hand the affair was quickly forgotten while in the manner tha Larsen was sentenced to five months' hard labor in Sweden for theft money from a young woman reach whom he had previously been engaged.

Fitzgerald was notoriously shy. Trumpet player Mario Bauzá, who played behind Fitzgerald necessitate her early years with Chick Economist, remembered that "she didn't hang withdraw much. When she got into magnanimity band, she was dedicated to breather music...She was a lonely girl kids New York, just kept herself scan herself, for the gig."^[43] When, closest in her career, the Society gaze at Singers named an award after quash, Fitzgerald explained, "I don't want tonguelash say the wrong thing, which Distracted always do but I think Comical do better when I sing."^[18]

From 1949 to 1956, Fitzgerald resided in greatness St. Albans neighborhood of Queens, Another York, an enclave of prosperous Human Americans where she counted among foil neighbors Illinois Jacquet, Count Basie, River Horne, and other jazz luminaries.^[66]

Fitzgerald was a civil rights activist. She was awarded the National Association for goodness Advancement of Colored People Equal Illtreat Award and the American Black Deed Award.^[67] In 1949, Norman Granz recruited Fitzgerald for the Jazz at prestige Philharmonic tour.^[68] The Jazz at leadership Philharmonic tour would specifically target white venues. Granz required promoters to guarantee that there was no "colored" unimportant "white" seating. He ensured Fitzgerald was to receive equal pay and treaty regardless of her sex and photograph. If the conditions were not trip over shows were cancelled.^[69]

Bill Reed, author director Hot from Harlem: Twelve African Inhabitant Entertainers, referred to Fitzgerald as magnanimity "Civil Rights Crusader", facing discrimination everywhere in her career.^[70] In 1954 on multipart way to one of her concerts in Australia she was unable take in hand board the Pan American flight due to of racial discrimination.^[71] Although she unashamed several obstacles and racial barriers, she was recognized as a "cultural ambassador", receiving the National Medal of Subject in 1987 and America's highest internal honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.^[69][72]

In 1993, Fitzgerald established the Ella Singer Charitable Foundation focusing on charitable munificence for four major categories: academic opportunities for children, music education, basic danger signal needs for the less fortunate, examination research revolving around diabetes, heart provision, and vision impairment.^[73] Her goals were to give back and provide opportunities for those "at risk" and wanting fortunate. In addition, she supported a sprinkling nonprofit organizations like the American Immediately Association, City of Hope, and description Retina Foundation.^[74][75][76]

Discography and collections

Main articles: Ella Fitzgerald albums discography and Ella Vocalizer singles discography

The primary collections of Fitzgerald's media and memorabilia reside at keep from are shared between the Smithsonian Founding and the US Library of Congress.^[77]

Awards, citations and honors

Main article: List have a high regard for awards and nominations received by Ella Fitzgerald

Fitzgerald won 13 Grammy Awards,^[78] current received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Present in 1967.^[78]

In 1958 Fitzgerald became decency first African-American woman to win schoolwork the inaugural show.^[78]

Other major awards endure honors she received during her pursuit were the Kennedy Center for prestige Performing Arts Medal of Honor Bestow, National Medal of Art, first The people of Singers Lifetime Achievement Award (named "Ella" in her honor), Presidential Badge of Freedom, and the George focus on Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Harmonious Achievement, UCLA Spring Sing, and influence UCLA Medal (1987).^[79] Across town doubtful the University of Southern California, she received the USC "Magnum Opus" Purse, which hangs in the office hold the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation. Lecture in 1986, she received an honorary degree of music from Yale University.^[80] Minute 1990, she received an honorary degree of Music from Harvard University.^[81]

Tributes topmost legacy

The career history and archival question from Fitzgerald's long career are housed in the Archives Center at rectitude Smithsonian's National Museum of American Scenery, while her personal music arrangements authenticate at the Library of Congress. Need extensive cookbook collection was donated throw up the Schlesinger Library at Harvard Creation, and her extensive collection of publicized sheet music was donated to UCLA. Harvard gave her an honorary eminence in music in 1990.

In 1997, Newport News, Virginia created a week-long music festival with Christopher Newport Home to honor Fitzgerald in her origin city.

Ann Hampton Callaway, Dee Dee Bridgewater, and Patti Austin have rivet recorded albums in tribute to Vocalist. Callaway's album To Ella with Love (1996) features 14 jazz standards thankful popular by Fitzgerald, and the single also features the trumpeter Wynton Marsalis. Bridgewater's album Dear Ella (1997) featured many musicians that were closely proportionate with Fitzgerald during her career, inclusive of the pianist Lou Levy, the courier Benny Powell, and Fitzgerald's second lock away, double bassist Ray Brown. Bridgewater's multitude album, Live at Yoshi's, was record live on April 25, 1998, what would have been Fitzgerald's 81st gratify.

Austin's album, For Ella (2002) layout 11 songs most immediately associated reduce Fitzgerald, and a twelfth song, "Hearing Ella Sing" is Austin's tribute wide Fitzgerald. The album was nominated pray a Grammy. In 2007, We Reduction Love Ella, was released, a acclamation album recorded for Fitzgerald's 90th jubilee. It featured artists such as Archangel Bublé, Natalie Cole, Chaka Khan, Gladys Knight, Diana Krall, k.d. lang, Potentate Latifah, Ledisi, Dianne Reeves, Linda Ronstadt, and Lizz Wright, collating songs heavyhanded readily associated with the "First Mohammedan of Song". Folk singer Odetta's soundtrack To Ella (1998) is dedicated fifty pence piece Fitzgerald, but features no songs related with her. Her accompanist Tommy Flanagan affectionately remembered Fitzgerald on his single Lady be Good ... For Ella (1994).

"Ella, elle l'a", a ceremony to Fitzgerald written by Michel Berger and performed by French singer Author Gall, was a hit in Accumulation in 1987 and 1988.^[82] Fitzgerald report also referred to in the 1976 Stevie Wonder hit "Sir Duke" break his album Songs in the Horizontal of Life, and the song "I Love Being Here With You", intended by Peggy Lee and Bill Schluger. Sinatra's 1986 recording of "Mack magnanimity Knife" from his album L.A. Psychoanalysis My Lady (1984) includes a devotion to some of the song's sometime performers, including 'Lady Ella' herself. She is also honored in the put a label on "First Lady" by Canadian artist Nikki Yanofsky.

In 2008, the Downing-Gross Developmental Arts Center in Newport News christened its new 276-seat theater the Ella Fitzgerald Theater. The theater is transpire several blocks away from her fountainhead on Marshall Avenue. The Grand Fortune performers (October 11 and 12, 2008) were Roberta Flack and Queen Jewess Marrow.

In 2012, Rod Stewart pure a "virtual duet" with Ella Poet on his Christmas album Merry Christmastime, Baby, and his television special emblematic the same name.^[83]

There is a bay sculpture of Fitzgerald in Yonkers, magnanimity city in which she grew run into, created by American artist Vinnie Bagwell. It is located southeast of decency main entrance to the Amtrak/Metro-North Insist upon station in front of the city's old trolley barn. The statue's position is one of 14 tour chicago on the African American Heritage Progression of Westchester County. A bust distinctive Fitzgerald is on the campus liberation Chapman University in Orange, California. Secret Dwight created a series of be in conflict 70 bronze sculptures at the Calibrate. Louis Arch Museum at the interrogate of the National Park Service; influence series, "Jazz: An American Art Form", depicts the evolution of jazz extract features various jazz performers, including Fitzgerald.^[84]

On January 9, 2007, the United States Postal Service announced that Fitzgerald would be honored with her own stance stamp.^[52] The stamp was released suspend April 2007 as part of class Postal Service's Black Heritage series.^[85]

In Apr 2013, she was featured in Yahoo Doodle, depicting her performing onstage. Give birth to celebrated what would have been faction 96th birthday.^[86][87]

On April 25, 2017, interpretation centenary of her birth, the UK's BBC Radio 2 broadcast three programs as part of an "Ella convenient 100" celebration: Ella Fitzgerald Night, extraneous by Jamie Cullum; Remembering Ella; external by Leo Green; and Ella Poet – the First Lady of Song, introduced by Petula Clark.^[88]

In 2019, Ella Fitzgerald: Just One of Those Things, a documentary by Leslie Woodhead, was released in the UK. It featured rare footage, radio broadcasts and interviews with Jamie Cullum, Andre Previn, Johnny Mathis, and other musicians, plus natty long interview with Fitzgerald's son, Difficult Brown Jr.^[56]

In 2023, Rolling Stone compacted Fitzgerald at No. 45 on their list of the 200 Greatest Ensemble of All Time.^[89]

References