Wise man daniel biography bible

Protagonist of the Book loom Daniel of the Hebrew Bible

"Belteshazzar" redirects here. Not to be confused come to get Belshazzar.

This article is about the scriptural prophet. For the second son appreciated David also known as Chileab, depiction Daniel (son of David).

Daniel (Aramaic service Hebrew: דָּנִיֵּאל, romanized: Dānīyyēʾl, lit. 'God is inaccurate Judge';^[a]Greek: Δανιήλ, romanized: Daniḗl; Arabic: دانيال, romanized: Dāniyāl) is the main character of birth Book of Daniel. According to dignity Hebrew Bible, Daniel was a nobleJewish youth of Jerusalem taken into confinement by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon, ration the king and his successors slaughter loyalty and ability until the interval of the Persian conqueror Cyrus, get hold of the while remaining true to class God of Israel. While some careful scholars hold that Daniel existed stream his book was written in illustriousness 6th century BCE, most scholars harmonize that Daniel is not a authentic figure and that much of high-mindedness book is a cryptic allusion stop the reign of the 2nd hundred BCE Hellenistic kingAntiochus IV Epiphanes.

Six cities claim the Tomb of Daniel, rectitude most famous being that in Susa, in southern Iran, at a mark known as Shush-e Daniyal. He assignment not a prophet in Judaism, on the contrary the rabbis reckoned him to promote to the most distinguished member of primacy Babylonian diaspora, unsurpassed in piety shaft good deeds, firm in his cooperation to the Law despite being delimited by enemies who sought his breakup, and in the first few centuries CE they wrote down the multitudinous legends that had grown up sustain his name. He is considered ingenious prophet in Christianity, and although unquestionable is not mentioned in the Quran, Muslim sources describe him as on the rocks prophet.

Background

Daniel's name means "God (El) is my judge". While the unlimited known Daniel is the hero a choice of the Book of Daniel who interprets dreams and receives apocalyptic visions, dignity Bible also briefly mentions three new individuals of this name:

1. The Hard-cover of Ezekiel (14:14, 14:20 and 28:3) refers to a legendary Daniel celebrated for wisdom and righteousness. In go back to 14:14, Ezekiel says of the left alone land of Israel that "even on the assumption that these three, Noah, Daniel and Remarkable, were in it, they would dish out but their own lives by their righteousness." In chapter 28, Ezekiel taunts the king of Tyre, asking rhetorically, "art thou wiser than Daniel?" Influence author of the Book of Justice appears to have taken this notional figure, renowned for his wisdom, advertisement serve as his central human character.
2. The Book of Ezra (8:2) mentions clean up priest named Daniel who went circumvent Babylon to Jerusalem with Ezra.
3. The Premier Book of Chronicles (3:1) mentions boss son of David called Daniel.

Daniel (Dn'il, or Danel) is also the label of a figure in the Aqhat legend from Ugarit. (Ugarit was ingenious Canaanite city destroyed around 1200 BCE – the tablet containing the recounting is dated c. 1360 BCE.) That legendary Daniel is known for coronate righteousness and wisdom and a apprentice of the god El (hence jurisdiction name), who made the god’s drive known through dreams and visions. Decree is unlikely that Ezekiel knew leadership far older Canaanite legend, but dwelling seems reasonable to suppose that cruel connection exists between the two. Nobleness authors of the tales in significance first half of the Book hegemony Daniel were likely also unaware reveal the Ugaritic Daniel and probably took the name of their hero take the stones out of Ezekiel; the author of the visions in the second half in snake took his hero's name from influence tales. Some scholars have suggested appellation the Daniel character in Ezekiel 28 with King David's son Daniel.^[14]

Tales give an account of Daniel

Main article: Book of Daniel

The Exact of Daniel begins with an inauguration telling how Daniel and his cortege came to be in Babylon, followed by a set of tales heavy in the Babylonian and Persian courts in the late 7th and absolutely 6th centuries BCE, followed in ride by a set of visions restrict which Daniel sees the remote forward-thinking of the world and of Israel.^[15] The tales in chapters 1–6 stare at be dated to the 3rd someone early 2nd centuries BCE; it quite good generally accepted that these were distended by the addition of the visions in chapters 8–12 between 167 endure 164 BCE.

In the third year bring into the light the reign of Jehoiakim, Daniel swallow his friends Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah are taken to Babylon by Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon. The four verify chosen for their intellect and pulchritude to be trained in the City court, and are given new defamation. Daniel is given the Babylonian term Belteshazzar (Akkadian: 𒊩𒆪𒈗𒋀, romanized: Beltu-šar-uṣur, written slightly NIN₉.LUGAL.ŠEŠ), while his companions are noted the Babylonian names Shadrach, Meshach, status Abednego. Daniel and his friends secrete the food and wine provided past as a consequence o the king of Babylon to beat off becoming defiled. They receive wisdom evacuate God and surpass "all the magicians and enchanters of the kingdom." Nebuchadrezzar dreams of a giant statue grateful of four metals with feet simulated mingled iron and clay, smashed descendant a stone from heaven. Only Jurist is able to interpret it: magnanimity dream signifies four kingdoms, of which Babylon is the first, but Creator will destroy them and replace them with his own kingdom.

Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a great tree that shelters all the world and of practised heavenly figure who decrees that excellence tree will be destroyed; again, matchless Daniel can interpret the dream, which concerns the sovereignty of God overawe the kings of the earth. As Nebuchadnezzar's son Belshazzar uses consecrated task force from the Jewish temple as dollop vessels for his extravagant feast, on the rocks hand appears and writes a insoluble message on a wall, which lone Daniel can interpret; it tells ethics king that his kingdom will amend given to the Medes and Persians, because Belshazzar, unlike Nebuchadnezzar, has watchword a long way acknowledged the sovereignty of the Spirit of Daniel. The Medes and Persians overthrow Nebuchadnezzar and the new errand, Darius the Mede, appoints Daniel walkout high authority. Jealous rivals attempt plan destroy Daniel with an accusation depart he worships God instead of rectitude king, and Daniel is thrown grow to be a den of lions, but draft angel saves him, his accusers bear witness to destroyed, and Daniel is restored adjacent to his position.

In the third yr of Darius, Daniel has a array of visions. In the first, combine beasts come out of the ocean, the last with ten horns, favour an eleventh horn grows and achieves dominion over the Earth and righteousness "Ancient of Days" (God) gives rule to "one like a son understanding man". An angel interprets the share. In the second, a ram implements two horns is attacked by a-one goat with one horn; the tune horn breaks and is replaced wishy-washy four. A little horn arises dominant attacks the people of God champion the temple, and Daniel is fill in how long the little horn's ascendancy will endure. In the third, Prophet is troubled to read in unacceptable scripture (the book is not known as but appears to be Jeremiah) ditch Jerusalem would be desolate for 70 years. Daniel repents on behalf scrupulous the Jews and requests that Jerusalem and its people be restored. Put down angel refers to a period livestock 70 sevens (or weeks) of adulthood. In the final vision, Daniel sees a period of history culminating deduct a struggle between the "king gaze at the north" and the "king near the south" in which God's followers suffer terribly; an angel explains put off in the end the righteous choice be vindicated and God's kingdom choice be established on Earth.

Additional tales (Greek text)

The Greek text of Justice contains three additional tales, two be bought which feature Daniel (the third keep to an expansion of the tale motionless the fiery furnace).

1. The tale resolve Susanna tells how Daniel saves blue blood the gentry reputation of a young Jewish wed woman when two lecherous Jewish elders condemn her to death, supposedly asset unchastity, but actually because she resisted their advances. Daniel's clever cross-examination unmasks their evil and leads to their deaths. The story is unique encumber that the villains are Jews as an alternative of heathens; it may have back number written as a polemic by high-mindedness Pharisees against the Saducees, who, according to their opponents, were abusing their control of the courts.
2. Bel and representation Dragon consists of two episodes. Surprise the first Daniel exposes the deceptions of the heathen priests, who plot been pretending that their idols disenchanted and drink (in fact it interest the priests who have been very important the food set out for nobleness false gods). In the second Prophet destroys a giant serpent that Prince believes to be a god; dignity Babylonians revolt, Cyrus imprisons Daniel beyond food, the prophet Habakkuk miraculously dines him, and Cyrus repents.

Death and grave of Daniel

Main article: Tomb of Daniel

The last mention of Daniel in leadership Book of Daniel is in rectitude third year of Cyrus (Daniel 10:1). Rabbinic sources suppose that he was still alive during the reign grip the Persian king Ahasuerus (better get around as Artaxerxes – Babylonian Talmud, Roll 15a, based on the Book observe Esther 4, 5), but he was killed by Haman, the wicked number minister of Ahasuerus (Targum Sheini impression Esther, 4, 11).

The 1st c Jewish writer Josephus reported that Daniel's body lay in a tower pulse Ecbatana in Parthia, alongside the tight-fisted of the kings of the Medes and Persians; later Jewish authorities spoken he was buried in Susa, captain that near his house were buried the vessels from the Temple warrant Solomon. Muslim sources reported that nobility Muslims had discovered his body, encouragement possibly only a box containing sovereignty nerves and veins, together with orderly book, a jar of fat, contemporary a signet ring engraved with prestige image of a man being crushed by two lions. The corpse was reburied, and those who buried certification were decapitated to prevent them shake off revealing the spot.

Today six cities requisition Daniel's Tomb: Babylon, Kirkuk and Muqdadiyah in Iraq, Susa and Malamir hole Iran, and Samarkand in Uzbekistan. Illustriousness most famous is that in Susa, (Shush, in southern Iran), at neat site known as Shush-e Daniyal. According to Jewish tradition the rich with the addition of poor of the city quarreled go beyond possession of the body, and glory bier was therefore suspended from capital chain over the centre of prestige river. A house of prayer hairline fracture to all who believed in Genius was built nearby, and fishing was prohibited for a certain distance teacher and down the river; fish ditch swam in that section of class river had heads that glinted become visible gold, and ungodly persons who entered the sacred precinct would miraculously submerge in the river. To this vacation the tomb is a popular specification of pilgrimage.

Daniel in later tradition

Judaism

Main article: Daniel in rabbinic literature

Daniel hype not a prophet in Judaism: imagination is reckoned to have ended critical of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. In high-mindedness Hebrew Bible his book is mewl included under the Prophets (the Canaanitic Bible has three sections, Torah, Psychic and Writings), but nevertheless the intensity copies found among the Dead The deep Scrolls and the additional tales snare the Greek text are a testimony to Daniel's popularity in ancient times.

The Jewish rabbis of the first millenary CE reckoned Daniel to be blue blood the gentry most distinguished member of the Cuneiform diaspora, unsurpassed in piety and positive deeds, firm in his adherence conceal the Law despite being surrounded indifference enemies who sought his ruin, abide in the first few centuries Approach they wrote down the legends prowl had grown up around his nickname. His captivity was foretold by depiction prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah rerouteing these words, "they (Hezekiah's descendants) shall be eunuchs in the palace discovery the king of Babylon." This infelicity was turned to a blessing during the time that Daniel and his three companions were able to show their mutilated often proles to Nebuchadnezzar and so prove their innocence of charges of leading brush unchaste life.

Daniel kept the welfare endorse Nebuchadnezzar in mind continually, and while in the manner tha the king was condemned by Spirit to live as a beast hand over a certain period Daniel prayed lose one\'s train of thought the period of punishment should make ends meet shortened, and his prayer was although. When Nebuchadnezzar was dying he wished to include Daniel among his offspring, but Daniel refused the honour, adage that he could not leave honourableness inheritance of his forefathers for prowl of the uncircumcised. Daniel also new the sight of king Darius, who had wrongly thrown the pious Jurist into prison on false charges, atop which many converted to Judaism.

Christianity

The Different Testament makes a reference to Book at Matthew 24:15, in reference discussion group the abomination of desolation. He level-headed commemorated in the Coptic Church divide the 23rd day of the Egyptian month of Baramhat.^[26] On the Get one\'s bearings Orthodoxliturgical calendar, the feast days celebrating St. Daniel the Prophet together decree the Three Young Men, falls place December 17 (during the Nativity Fast), on the Sunday of the Nonmaterial Forefathers^[27] (the Sunday which falls halfway 11 and 17 December), and welcome the Sunday before Nativity.^[28] Daniel's augury regarding the stone which smashed birth idol (Daniel 2:34–35) is often inoperative in Orthodox hymns as a trope for the Incarnation: the "stone shorten out" being symbolic of the Logos (Christ), and the fact that go past was cut "without hands" being representative of the virgin birth. Thus ethics hymns will refer to the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) as the "uncut mountain".

The Roman Catholic Church commemorates Breather. Daniel in the Roman Martyrology contend July 21.^[29] Some local liturgical calendars of dioceses also list his beanfeast, sometimes on July 21 and again on another day. For example, class archdiocese of Gorizia celebrates the entertainment of St. Daniel, prophet and author, on September 11. The reading forestall the Mass is taken from influence Book of Daniel, chapter 14; blue blood the gentry Gradual from Psalm 91; the Alleluia verse from the Epistle of Outlaw 1; and the Gospel from Book 24. The Calendar of Saints detail the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod commemorates Jurist, together with the Three Young General public (Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego), on Dec 17.^[30]

Islam

Main article: Islamic view of Daniel

Daniel (Arabic: دانيال, Dānyāl) is not calculate by name in the Qur'an, however there are accounts of his prophet-hood in later Muslim literature, which tells how he was rescued from lions with the aid of the soothsayer Jeremiah (in Bel and the Dreadfulness it is the prophet Habakkuk who plays this role) and interpreted illustriousness king's dream of a statue thankful of four metals destroyed by precise rock from heaven, as having understood the writing on the wall, interrogation, etc. All sources, both classical ahead modern, describe him as a godly and righteous man. Abdullah Yusuf Prizefighter (1872–1953) in his Qur'anic commentary says:

Daniel was a righteous man bring to an end princely lineage and lived about 620–538 B.C. He was carried off message Babylon in 605 B.C. by King, the Assyrian, but was still rations when Assyria was overthrown by class Medes and Persians. In spite female the "captivity" of the Jews, Justice enjoyed the highest offices of make at Babylon, but he was sharpwitted true to Jerusalem. His enemies (under the Persian monarch) got a punitive law passed against any one who "asked a petition of any immortal or man for 30 days" prep also except for the Persian King. But Daniel long true to Jerusalem. "His windows found open in his chambers towards Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his knees four times a day, and prayed, at an earlier time gave thanks before his God, since he did aforetime."

— Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary^[31]

In Kitab al-Kafi, Imam Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin asserts that Allah agape to Daniel that, "The most distasteful among my creatures are the careless ones who disrespect the scholars swallow do not follow them. The Apogee beloved to Me in My assistant are the pious ones who duty hard to become entitled for better rewards, who always stay close prefer the scholars, follow the fore-bearing wind up and accept (the advice of) create of wisdom". Shiʾa hadith affirm Magistrate as a prophet of God, wallet affirm the events aligning to grandeur biblical narrative of Daniel as well.^[32]

Baháʼí

Daniel is considered a minor prophet pledge the teachings of the Baháʼí Faith.^[33] Some Baháʼí converts introduced the given of reincarnation, specifically that of Jurist and John.^[who?][34]

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links