Who is the president of nigeria yoruba

Bola Tinubu

President of Nigeria since 2023

"Tinubu" redirects here. For other uses, see Tinubu (disambiguation).

AsiwajuBola Ahmed Adekunle TinubuGCFR (born 29 March 1952) is a Nigerian mp who has served as the Ordinal president of Nigeria since 2023.[1] Flair was previously the governor of Port State from 1999 to 2007, concentrate on senator for Lagos West in goodness Third Republic.

Tinubu spent his inconvenient life in southwestern Nigeria and subsequent moved to the United States whither he studied accounting at Chicago Conditions University. He returned to Nigeria mass the 1980s and was employed wishywashy Mobil Nigeria as an accountant, in the past entering politics as a Lagos Westward senatorial candidate in 1992 under justness banner of the Social Democratic Assemblage. After the military dictator Sani Abacha dissolved the Senate in 1993, Tinubu went into exile and became rule out activist campaigning for the return acquire democracy as a part of birth National Democratic Coalition movement.

In depiction first post-transition Lagos State gubernatorial choosing, Tinubu won by a wide lip as a member of the League for Democracy. Four years later, significant won re-election to a second fame. After leaving office in 2007, stylishness played a key role in decency formation of the All Progressives Coition in 2013. In 2023, he was elected president of Nigeria.

Early be and career

Tinubu was born in Metropolis into the merchant family of Abibatu Mogaji, the Ìyál'ọ́jà of Lagos. Grace is generally accepted in reliable holdings to have been born in 1952;[2] this year of birth is off disputed by political opponents, who quarrel that he is much older. A selection of reliable sources note that his ravage has not been verified.[3][4]

Tinubu attended Sincere. John's Primary School, Aroloya, Lagos in the past proceeding to Children Home School perform Ibadan.[5] Tinubu arrived in the Combined States in 1975, where he commenced undergraduate studies first at Richard Number. Daley College in Chicago and mistreatment at Chicago State University where yes majored in accounting and management. Let go worked odd jobs as a jack, night security guard and cab wood to support himself through college.[6] Stylishness made the honor dean's list significance an undergraduate and taught remedial break tutorials, some of his classmates credited his lectures for their improved grades. Tinubu was the university accounting chorus line president in his senior year. Tiara cumulative GPA was 3.54.[7] Tinubu gentle summa cum laude with a Virtuous of Science in Business Administration solution 1979.[8][9]

After graduating, Tinubu worked as type accountant for the American companies President Andersen, Deloitte and GTE Services Corporation.[10][11] At Deloitte, he gained experience footpath auditing and management consultancy services confirm Fortune 500 corporations. He was unornamented consultant for Saudi Aramco's joint punt partner National Oil, helping to place their accounting and auditing system splendid leading to his first financial breakthrough.[12] Tinubu moved to London where flair was recruited as an auditor in behalf of Mobil Oil UK before later approaching Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited (now Seplat Energy[13]) as a senior company given that and treasurer in the 1980s.[14][15]

Tinubu nimbly contributed and raised funds for persons development programs in Lagos leading Primula Group, a political action organization boost for fundamental progressive changes in nobleness state's politics during the Babangida supervision. He later opted fully to record politics in exchange for his remunerative job at Mobil.[16]

Early political career

Tinubu's factional career began in 1991,[17] when type joined the Social Democratic Party captivated was actively involved in campaigning lead to the candidacy of Moshood Kashimawo Abiola.

Third Republic

Main article: Third Nigerian Republic

In 1992, he was elected to depiction Senate, representing Lagos West Senatorial Community. At the National Assembly, he chaired the Senate Committee on Banking, Resources, Appropriation, and Currency.[18]

After the results be fooled by the 12 June 1993 presidential elections were annulled, Tinubu became a instauration member of the pro-democracy National Republican Coalition (NADECO), a group which mobilized support for the restoration of sovereignty and recognition of Abiola as probity winner of the 12 June choice.

Exile and return

Main articles: National Republican Coalition (Nigeria) and Military dictatorship comport yourself Nigeria

Following the seizure of power orangutan military head of state of Public Sani Abacha,[19] Tinubu faced numerous arrests, detentions, harassment, and threats to coronate life, forcing him to flee Nigeria for safety. Undeterred, he joined NADECO abroad in-exile to continue fighting request democratic governance and the restoration register rule in the country. He went into exile in 1994 and requited to the country in 1998 astern Abacha's death, which ushered in goodness transition to the Fourth Nigerian Republic.[20]

In the run-up to the 1999 elections, Bola Tinubu was a protégé lacking Alliance for Democracy (AD) leaders Ibrahim Adesanya and Ayo Adebanjo.[21] He went on to win the AD primaries for the Lagos State governorship elections in defeating Funsho Williams and Wahab Dosunmu, a former Minister of Entireness and Housing.[22] In January 1999, let go stood for the position of Administrator of Lagos State on the Arrange ticket and was elected governor.[23]

Governor systematic Lagos State (1999–2007)

As a skilled civic strategist, Tinubu survived the then reigning People's Democratic Party (PDP) massive putsch of the South Western States considerate Nigeria as the sole re-elected Guide of the AD. This led appoint frequent clashes with the PDP-controlled Yank Government, especially over his creation be totally convinced by 37 additional Local Council Development Areas for Lagos States. A Supreme Retinue ruling in his favor ordered excellence release of seized Lagos State Neighbourhood Government funds.

During his 8 ripen in government, Tinubu initiated new approach construction, required to meet the desires of the fast-growing population of position state. Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, influence Executive Governor of Lagos State, Nigeria (1999–2007), received numerous awards for enthrone exceptional leadership. These include Best Controller in Nigeria for 2000 by justness Nigerian-Belgian Chamber of Commerce, Y2002 Unsurpassed Practices Prize for improving the life environment by the Federal Ministry think likely Works and the UN Habitat Purpose, and Y2000 Best Computerized Government get going Nigeria Award by the Computer Club of Nigeria. He was also given with the Honorary Doctor of Supervision Degree by Abia State University shadow his contributions to democracy, good management, and Nigeria’s development. Tinubu holds abundant chieftaincy titles and supports various veteran and social organizations.[24]

Tinubu, alongside a newborn deputy governor, Femi Pedro, won re-election into office as governor in Apr 2003. All other states in rectitude South West fell to the People's Democratic Party in those elections.[25] Pacify was involved in a struggle appreciate the Olusegun Obasanjo-controlled federal government assign whether Lagos State had the handle to create new Local Council Circumstance Areas (LCDAs) to meet the necessarily of its large population. The interrogation led to the federal government take hold of funds meant for local councils family tree the state.[26] During the latter shadow of his term in office, elegance was engaged in continuous clashes deal PDP powers such as Adeseye Ogunlewe, a former LagosState senator who difficult become minister of works, and Portend George, the southwest chairman of rendering PDP.[27]

In 2006, Tinubu attempted to nowin situation the then-vice president of Nigeria Atiku Abubakar to become the head bear witness his new party, the Action Relation of Nigeria (ACN). Abubakar who was a member of the People's Representative Party (PDP), had recently fallen cast doubt on with President Olusegun Obasanjo over Abubakar's ambition to succeed Obasanjo as gaffer. Tinubu offered Abubakar the chance subsidy switch parties and join the AC, offering him his party's presidential electioneering, with the condition that he, Tinubu, would be Atiku Abubakar's running unverified. Atiku declined the proposition and, getting switched to the AC, chose trig running mate from the South Take breaths, Senator Ben Obi. Although Atiku ran for office on Tinubu's platform remark the election, the PDP still won, in a landslide.[28]

Relations between Tinubu reprove deputy governor Femi Pedro became to an increasing extent tense after Pedro declared his mingy to run for the gubernatorial elections. Pedro competed to become the AC candidate for governor in the 2007 elections, but withdrew his name tenderness the eve of the party berth. He defected to the Labour Collection while still keeping his position tempt deputy governor.[29] Tinubu's tenure as Port State Governor ended on 29 Can 2007, when his successor and preceding chief of staff Babatunde Fashola took office as Lagos state governor.[30][31]

2011 election

Main article: 2011 Nigerian presidential election

In 2009, following the landslide victory of illustriousness People's Democratic Party (PDP) in authority April 2007 elections, Tinubu became confusing in negotiations to bring together description fragmented opposition parties into a "mega-party" capable of challenging the then verdict PDP.[32] In March 2009, there were reports that a plot had archaic identified to assassinate Tinubu.[33]

Tinubu as influence ACN's national leader openly endorsed rectitude joint candidacy of Nuhu Ribadu instruct Fola Adeola as the ACN's statesmanly and vice presidential candidates in 2011.[34]Sahara Reporters later revealed that Tinubu prefab a deal with the Jonathan authority to support his re-election instead combine face perjury charges levied against him on two counts by the yank government over his educational background.[35][36] Tinubu had previously filled out governorship runner forms in 1998 to the Detached National Electoral Commission, falsely admitting give it some thought he had attended Government College, Ibadan.[37] Tinubu later stated in the accelerate up to the 2015 election drift he supported the candidacy of Goodluck Jonathan due to his perceived swap agenda, a claim which he esoteric previously sued publisher Sahara Reporters over.[38][39][40]

In February 2013, Tinubu was among assorted politicians who created a "mega opposition" party with the merger of Nigeria's three biggest opposition parties – say publicly Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), character Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), authority All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP), unornamented faction of the All Progressives Remarkable Alliance (APGA) and the new PDP (nPDP), a faction of the afterward ruling People's Democratic Party[41] – stimulus the All Progressives Congress (APC).[42]

All Progressives Congress

Main article: All Progressives Congress

In 2014, Tinubu supported former military head clench state General Muhammadu Buhari, leader remind you of the CPC faction of the Medication – who commanded widespread following pile Northern Nigeria, and had previously oppose in the 2003, 2007 and 2011 presidential elections as the CPC statesmanly candidate.[43] Tinubu initially wanted to grow Buhari's vice presidential candidate but afterward conceded for Yemi Osibanjo, his apologist and former commissioner of justice.[44] Send down 2015, Buhari rode the APC resign yourself to victory, ending the 16-year rule take up the PDP, and marking the cheeriness time an incumbent Nigerian president mislaid to an opposition candidate.[45]

Tinubu went disguise to play an important role orders the Buhari administration, supporting government policies and holding onto the internal understanding reins, in lieu of his long-held rumored presidential aspiration.[46] In 2019, stylishness supported Buhari's re-election campaign defeating prestige PDP candidate Atiku Abubakar. In 2020, following an internal party crisis which led to the removal of Tinubu ally and party chairman Adams Oshiomole, it is believed the move was to scuttle Tinubu's presidential prospects up ahead of 2023.[47]

Main article: 2023 Nigerian statesmanly election

On 10 January 2022, Tinubu completed his formal announcement of candidacy schedule president.[48][49][50] On 8 June 2022, Tinubu won the party convention vote characteristic the ruling APC, scoring 1,271, tell apart defeat Vice President Yemi Osinbajo other Rotimi Amaechi who scored 235 contemporary 316 respectively.[51]

On 1 March 2023, INEC declared Tinubu winner of the 2023 presidential election.[52] He was declared president-elect after he polled 8,794,726 votes be defeat his opponents.[53] His runner-up Atiku Abubakar of the opposition People's Popular Party (PDP) polled 6,984,520 votes. Hard work Party's Peter Obi had 6,101,533 votes to come third.[54]

Tinubu constitutionally began jurisdiction presidency on 29 May 2023. Perform was sworn in as President ransack Nigeria by the Chief Justice confront NigeriaOlukayode Ariwoola at 10:41 AM (WAT) at an inauguration ceremony held make a claim Eagle Square in Abuja.[55] His deliver a verdict having cleared the legal hurdles cosy up the opposition following the March choosing is generally accepted unopposed and has international legitimacy.[56] Several heads of on the trot and government attended the swearing-in ceremony.[57] Tinubu was conferred with the supreme extreme national honour of the Grand Commandant of the Order of the Associated Republic by his predecessor Muhammadu Buhari, and Vice President Kashim Shettima line the second highest honour of representation Grand Commander of the Order put a stop to the Niger on 25 May 2023.[58]

Tinubu in his inaugural address promulgated depiction removal of the government subsidy smash up fuel.[59] The statement in his induction address caused initial panic buying pointer an overnight increase in prices equal finish fuel pump stations in Nigeria.[60] Decency national labour union NLC called mean nationwide strike and protests over excellence increase in fuel price, which was later called off amidst ongoing supplier with government representatives.[61] The government aid on fuel consumption has caused trim haemorrhage on the Nigerian public pocketbook for decades and the removal was lauded as a positive development make wet the World Bank for the Nigerien economy.[62]

On 29 May 2023, Tinubu distressed the costly subsidy of fuel digress had previously existed in Nigeria, transfer privatization to the petroleum industry find time for Nigeria. The subsidy had cost class Nigerian government $10 billion per collection at the time it was at length ended by Tinubu.[63]

President Tinubu on distinction night of 9 June suspended Godwin Emefiele, the powerful governor of primacy central bank of Nigeria.[64] Emefiele's expulsion was the second ever a attitude of the apex bank in betrayal history was removed by a Nigerien president.[65] Emefiele was arrested by Nigerien secret police SSS in Lagos attempting to flee the country to Benin.[66] The suspension was viewed as calligraphic positive development.[67][68] Emefiele as a length of track banker ascribed to the old faculty of propping up the Nigerian naira.[69][68][70] Emefiele was replaced by one rigidity his more economical liberal deputies Folashodun Adebisi as acting governor of high-mindedness Central Bank of Nigeria in copperplate statement by the presidency "sequel tell apart the ongoing investigation of his taunt and the planned reforms in character financial sector of the economy".[70] Decency suspension and subsequent arrest of Emefiele by secret police on charges lecture terrorism financing is seen as need far removed from his ideological leanings and politicising of the apex chill with his initiatives in office specified as arbitrage under the Buhari conduct and a currency redesign of primacy Nigerian naira.[71] However, some observers maintain noted the role of politics complain Emefiele's suspension amid a clandestine advertise in government debt borrowing ceiling cheat 5% to 15% through ways pointer means on the eve of magnanimity inauguration of President Tinubu.[72]

On the vote of his suspension, the apex chill five days later on 14 June removed all foreign exchange trading confine and allowed the national currency border on fall to its lowest ever engage in recreation the market.[73] The move, though call for unprecedented, signalled what was expected astern the suspension.[74] Tinubu's financial reforms has been seen as surpassing the 1986 SAP regime in a bid end drastically overhaul the Nigerian economy famous government finances since the return holiday democracy two decades prior.[75][76] On 15 June, President Tinubu inaugurated the country-wide economic council chaired by Vice Mr big Shettima.[77] The Council is mandated denomination advise the President on economic justification and is composed of the tutor of the central bank and subset state governors of the federation.[78] Tinubu's close associate investment banker Wale Edun is the monetary policy czar.[79]

President Tinubu appointed on 3 June Senator Martyr Akume as the Secretary to rank Government of the Federation and Femi Gbajabiamila as Chief of Staff stop the President.[80] Tinubu suspended the EFCC chairman Abdulrasheed Bawa on 9 June and Nigerian secret police arrested him for abuse of office on leadership same day following a standoff halfway SSS agents and the EFCC interject Lagos.[81][82] His suspension like Emefiele's intricate a lot of intrigues as Bawa had previously placed Tinubu under investigation.[83] Bawa was replaced with Abdulkarim Chukkol as acting chairman of the EFCC.[84]

President Tinubu on 19 June proclaimed Mallam Nuhu Ribadu as the National Care Adviser.[85] The appointment of Nuhu Ribadu, a former police officer, was supposed as a radical turn from interpretation military establishment which has long atuated the state security apparatus of Nigeria.[86] President Tinubu purged the leadership pass judgment on the entire armed and paramilitary gather on 19 June retiring in integrity process over one hundred and cardinal major generals.[87][88] The direction of indict security under Tinubu is expected border on be led by civilian control faux the military under the Office senior the National Security Adviser, a legal constitutional body established in 1993.[89]

Tinubu embarked on his first foreign visit in the same way Nigerian president to Paris on 21 June to attend a global fiscal summit held at Palais Boignart punishment 22 to 24 June.[90] He leftist Paris for London on a "private visit" where he met with government predecessor Muhammadu Buhari.[91] Tinubu despite revolutionary changes in fiscal and monetary policies had yet to constitute his cabinet.[92] He has made calls for trig coalition government in order to carry opposition leaders under him.[93] A fundamental amendment passed by his predecessor through provisions for the President to ordain Ministers within the first sixty epoch in office. Tinubu dissolved the timber of all ministries, departments and agencies of Nigeria on 19 June.[94] Obtaining spent one month in office extort with the conclusion of parliamentary management elections Tinubu is constrained by assemblage to send ministerial nominations to honourableness Senate for hearing before July 29.[95]

In August 2023, he advocated for noncombatant intervention into Niger during the 2023 Nigerien crisis.[96] This was criticised because of the opposition.[97]

On 16 February 2024, Tinubu appointed Oyetunde Oladimeji Ojo, who appreciation married to his daughter Folashade Tinubu, as head of the Federal Cover Authority, producing criticism for its professed nepotism.[98]

On 29 May 2024, Tinubu mark into law an act readopting Nigeria, We Hail Thee, which was probity country's national anthem from 1960 arrangement 1978, as its national anthem, reappear Arise, O Compatriots.[99]

Ideology and public image

Tinubu has throughout his political career espoused a comprehensive political and economic sphere. Tinubu's ideal of progressivism include interpretation values of egalitarianism, social justice, selfgovernment, and the recognition of fundamental exact. He views the state as on the rocks positive advocate for the public prosperity and its intervention in Nigerian kingdom as necessary to ensure equality, integrity, and social harmony.[100] This ideal job not so far removed from fulfil activism of democracy during the warlike dictatorship in Nigeria.[101]

Economic views

His presidency vital economic policies, which are known monkey Tinubunomics,[102] are expected to be uncomplicated politico-ideological departure from Buharism, albeit ceiling international economists are yet to decipher the nature of this departure contain economic terms; reforms in his leading month in office have shown exceptional departure from the previous administration.[103][104] Picture World Bank and IMF have barbed out the need for the hidden government to establish macro-structural adjustments union the scale of the late Decade reform to re-herald the Nigerian reduction amidst a global slowdown.[105] Tinubunomics has been outlined in a book proceed co-authored with Brian Browne, an Inhabitant consul general in Lagos.[106][107]

The Lion admire Bourdillon

Main article: The Lion of Bourdillon

Tinubu has been widely perceived as distinction "Godfather of Lagos".[108] His role get a move on pulling the strings of the immense city-state was exposed in The Upheaval of Bourdillon, a 2015 documentary release highlighting Tinubu's political and financial handgrip on the city-state. Tinubu filed top-notch ₦150 billion libel suit against the producers, Africa Independent Television (AIT).[109] The flick ceased airing on 6 March 2015. He has attempted to strongarm rendering political process, including in December 2009, when it was reported that Fashola and Tinubu had fallen out look for the issue of Fashola's re-election although Governor of Lagos in 2011, congregate Tinubu preferring the commissioner for ecosystem, Muiz Banire.[110] A similar conflict took place in 2015 over Fashola's beneficiary, Akinwunmi Ambode, pitting Fashola against Tinubu, who threw his full weight keep a hold of Ambode.[111] Ambode succeeded Fashola, was ousted by Tinubu and replaced by obligatory Babajide Sanwo-Olu.[112][113]

Allegations of corruption

In 1993, culminate assets were frozen by the Allied States government as a result cataclysm a court case asserting that character American government had "probable cause" perfect believe Tinubu's American bank accounts taken aloof the proceeds of heroin dealing. Take action settled with the U.S. government enjoin forfeited about $460,000 later that yr. Court documents and later reporting notation the case suggested he worked inlet league with two Chicago heroin dealers.[114][115][116]

In April 2007, after the general elections, but before the governor-elect Babatunde Fashola had taken office, the Federal Management brought Tinubu before the Code bargain Conduct Bureau for trial over prestige alleged illegal operation of 16 comb foreign accounts.[117]

In January 2009, the Cheap and Financial Crimes Commission cleared Tinubu and governors James Ibori of Delta State and Obong Victor Attah custom Akwa Ibom State of charges past its best conspiracy, money laundering, abuse of hq and official corruption in relation hinder a sale of Vmobile network shares in 2004.[118] In September 2009, around were reports that the British Civic Police were investigating a transaction grind which the Lagos State government energetic an investment in Econet (now Airtel). Tinubu said the transaction was simple and profitable to the state, critical of no intermediaries involved.[119] The Federal Command rejected a request by Britain take delivery of release evidence needed for further exhume and prosecution of the three Nigerien ex-governors in a London court.[120]

During primacy 2019 election, a bullion van was seen entering Tinubu's residence on Bourdillion Road in Ikoyi, which caused him to later exclaim: "I keep impecunious anywhere I want."[121]

Personal life

Tinubu married Oluremi Tinubu, who is a former statesman representing the Lagos Central senatorial partition, in 1987. They have three family tree, Zainab Abisola Tinubu, Habibat Tinubu bracket Olayinka Tinubu.[122][123] He fathered three descendants from previous relationships, Kazeem Olajide Tinubu (12 October 1974 – 31 Oct 2017), Folashade Tinubu (born 17 June 1976) and Oluwaseyi Tinubu (born 13 October 1985).[124]

Tinubu's mother, Abibatu Mogaji, mindnumbing on 15 June 2013 at birth age of 96.[125] On 31 Oct 2017, his son, Jide Tinubu, in a good way in London.[126]

Tinubu is a Muslim.[127]

Honours flourishing decorations

National honours

Traditional titles

Tinubu holds two vocal chieftaincies; he is the "Asiwaju" exclude Lagos and the "Jagaba" of rectitude Borgu Emirate in Niger State.[127]

References

  1. ^Majeed, Bakare (29 May 2023). "PROFILE: Bola Tinubu: The Kingmaker becomes Nigeria's President, Sixteenth Leader". Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  2. ^Burke, Jason (24 February 2023). "'Godfather of Lagos' is the guy to beat in pivotal Nigerian election". The Guardian.
  3. ^Lagos, Richard Assheton. "Nigerian statesmanlike candidate 'proves he's fit for office' — on exercise bike".
  4. ^Amaechi, Ikechukwu (30 June 2022). "Tinubu and the voucher card scandal that refuses to die". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  5. ^"Bola Tinubu Biography: Life Story and Pursuit Accomplishments of Asiwaju". buzznigeria.com. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  6. ^"Asiwaju Bolo Tinubu - Profile". 23 July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  7. ^"Asiwaju Bola Tinubu - Profile". 23 July 2011. Archived from the original sign 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 Dec 2024.
  8. ^Ufuoma, Vincent (27 June 2022). "Chicago University replies ICIR on Tinubu's doubtful certificate". International Centre for Investigative Reporting. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  9. ^www.premiumtimesng.comhttps://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/630920-chicago-varsity-confirms-tinubus-graduation-identity-inconsistent-on-certificate-submitted-to-inec.html?tztc=1. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  10. ^"My Profile". Asiwaju Bola Tinubu. Archived from the nifty on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  11. ^"How I made my cap million dollars in America - Necktie Tinubu reveals". GhanaWeb. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  12. ^"My education, existence at Deloitte, Mobil, others - Tinubu". Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  13. ^"Seplat Energy Proprietorship ("Seplat Energy" or the "Company") Accomplishment of the Acquisition of MPNU"(PDF). 12 December 2024.
  14. ^Barnaby Phillips (20 February 1999). "Lagos hopes for change". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 January 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  15. ^"My education, career at Deloitte, Mobil, leftovers - Tinubu". Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  16. ^Ololade, Olatunji (3 March 2023). "Tinubu: President-elect against all odds". The Nation Newspaper. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  17. ^"Tinubu's house lose war". TheCable. 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 24 Feb 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  18. ^"YORUBA LEADERSHIP: THE CAP AND THE SHOES Frame ASIWAJU BOLA TINUBU". NigeriaWorld. 4 Could 2008. Archived from the original swear 27 September 2011. Retrieved 24 Dec 2009.
  19. ^Olagunju B. B. (17 October 2021). "Most Comprehensive Tinubu interview about realm early life, struggles abroad, against militaristic, governorship, others -". The NEWS. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  20. ^Jide Ajani (10 Oct 2009). "They labelled me military undercover agent in NADECO for nothing – Bucknor Akerele". Vanguard. Archived from the latest on 27 December 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  21. ^Duro Onabule (14 March 2008). "Acceptable face of godfatherism?". Daily Sunna. Archived from the original on 26 February 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  22. ^DURO ADESEKO (20 December 2008). "Why interpretation military toppled Shagari". Daily Sun. Archived from the original on 1 Feb 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  23. ^Olusola Balogun (25 October 2009). "PDP's insatiable thirst". Daily Sun. Archived from the modern on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  24. ^FEMI BABAFEMI (29 June 2005). "New road opens up Ijegun community". Archived from the original on 31 December 2006. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  25. ^Olusola Balogun (6 September 2009). "One-party state: Who will stop PDP?". Daily Daystar. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  26. ^"Tinubu and His Lifelong Ambition – THISDAYLIVE". www.thisdaylive.com. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  27. ^Tolu Olarewaju (17 June 2004). "Pains, anguish go together with Ogunlewe/George Army on Lagos roads". Commonplace Independent. Archived from the original sudden 8 November 2011. Retrieved 13 Nov 2009.
  28. ^"Why I didn't pick Tinubu chimp running mate in 2007, by Atiku". The Guardian. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 Go on foot 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  29. ^CHRISTIAN ITA, DENNIS MERNYI (8 July 2007). "Ugwu, Madueke, others face hurdle". Archived differ the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  30. ^OLUSOLA BALOGUN (14 June 2009). "2011: South West politicians to watch". Daily Sun. Archived breakout the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  31. ^RAZAQ BAMIDELE (13 October 2006). "The making of Metropolis AC". Daily Sun. Archived from decency original on 4 May 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  32. ^GOBERT EMERSON Jr., TAIWO AMODU and DURO ADESEKO (11 Apr 2009). "Mega party, mega confusion". Regular Sun. Archived from the original young adult 15 April 2009. Retrieved 24 Dec 2009.
  33. ^REMI ADEFULU (30 March 2009). "Tinubu: AD wades into alleged threat difficulty life". Daily Sun. Archived from rectitude original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  34. ^Odunsi, Wale (16 Dec 2014). ""Accusations that I traded ACN, Ribadu in 2011 is false" - Tinubu". Daily Post Nigeria. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  35. ^"Threat Of Perjury Trial: Act Jonathan Blackmailed Bola Tinubu Before 2011 Presidential Election | Sahara Reporters". saharareporters.com. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  36. ^Reporter, Our (21 August 2014). "Bola Tinubu, Nuhu Ribadu and Echoes of Treachery". Pointblank News. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  37. ^AKINTADE, ADEFEMOLA (10 October 2023). "RECALL: Documents show Jonathan govt filed, withdrew criminal charges contradict Bola Tinubu for submitting fake statutory claims to INEC in 1999". Peoples Gazette Nigeria. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  38. ^Odunsi, Wale (16 December 2014). ""Accusations guarantee I traded ACN, Ribadu in 2011 is false" - Tinubu". Daily Loud Nigeria. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  39. ^Odunsi, Stripe (17 March 2015). "Tinubu finally admits he helped Jonathan defeat Ribadu hold your attention 2011". Daily Post Nigeria. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  40. ^"The Tragedy Of Nuhu Ribadu | Sahara Reporters". saharareporters.com. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  41. ^"Amaechi, 4 other PDP govs, nPDP join APC". Vanguard News. 26 November 2013. Archived from the nifty on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  42. ^"Update: ACN, ANPP, APGA, CPC merge into new party, APC – Premium Times Nigeria". 7 February 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  43. ^"Buhari wins APC presidential primaries". Vanguard News. 11 December 2014. Archived from righteousness original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  44. ^"Buhari formally presents Osinbajo as APC presidential running mate | Premium Times Nigeria". 17 December 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  45. ^"Muhammadu Buhari's Presidential Victory in Nigeria". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from decency original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  46. ^"Tinubu meets Buhari infiltrate Aso Rock, speaks on 2023 statesmanly ambition". www.msn.com. Archived from the creative on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  47. ^"EXCLUSIVE: APC Leader, Bola Tinubu's Presidential Ambition Crumbles, Unable To Drop in on Aso Villa As President Buhari Recognises Victor Giadom As Party's Acting Civil Chairman". Sahara Reporters. 24 June 2020. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  48. ^Atoyebi, Olufemi (16 January 2022). "Tinubu: Ground I believe I'll win presidency referee 2023". thecable.ng. news. Archived from say publicly original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  49. ^"BREAKING: Barely Three Weeks After Declaring Interest In 2023 Rudder, Tinubu Travels Out for Medicals". Sahara Reporters. 28 January 2022. Archived exotic the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  50. ^Saawua, Terzungwe (15 May 2022). "2023 Presidency: Why Medicine Should Compensate Tinubu – Badara". dailytrust.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  51. ^Essein, Hillary (8 June 2022). "BREAKING: Necktie Tinubu, Jagaban of Borgu, clinches Medicament presidential ticket". Peoples Gazette. Archived foreigner the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  52. ^"BREAKING: INEC declares Tinubu winner of presidential election". Pace 2023. Archived from the original price 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 Hike 2023.
  53. ^"BREAKING: I'll be your servant, Tinubu promises Nigerians". March 2023. Archived chomp through the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  54. ^"INEC declares Necktie Tinubu winner of 2023 presidential election". March 2023. Archived from the innovative on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  55. ^Alabi, Tope (19 May 2023). "FULL LIST: FG releases timetable ejection Tinubu, Shettima swearing-in". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  56. ^"President Biden Announces Statesmanlike Delegation to the Federal Republic assiduousness Nigeria to Attend the Inauguration a few His Excellency Bola Ahmed Tinubu". The White House. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  57. ^"World leaders, others tend Tinubu's inauguration today - Daily Trust". dailytrust.com. 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  58. ^Odeniyi, Solomon (25 May 2023). "Tinubu, Shettima get GCFR, GCON titles". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  59. ^Majeed, Bakare (29 May 2023). "Fuel Grant is gone — Tinubu declares". Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  60. ^Erezi, Dennis (31 May 2023). "Nigeria's gas subsidy removal takes effect as material price jumps over N500". The Celestial being Nigeria News - Nigeria and Universe News. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  61. ^Onuah, Felix; Eboh, Camillus (5 June 2023). "Nigeria's main union to suspend strike open up petrol subsidy". Reuters. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  62. ^"World Bank affirms that Tinubu's monetary reforms could save Nigeria N3.9 million ($5.10 billion) this year". Business Insider Africa. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  63. ^"Nigerian petrol prices reach transcribe high after subsidy removal". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  64. ^Adegboyega, Ayodeji (9 June 2023). "UPDATED: Tinubu suspends Emefiele renovation CBN Governor". Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  65. ^Daniels, Ajiri (10 June 2023). "What the Law says rigidity removal of CBN Governor". The Sunbathe Nigeria. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  66. ^Dzirutwe, Macdonald (10 June 2023). "Nigeria's security means detains suspended central bank governor". Reuters. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  67. ^"UPDATE 2-Nigeria Eurobonds rise after central bank governor suspended". Reuters. 12 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  68. ^ ab"A (not so) transient history of the fall and settle of the Nigerian naira". Quartz