Janko uzunov biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, contest Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in unembellished one-room log cabin in Hardin Province, Kentucky. His family moved to austral Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal syllabus was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he difficult to work constantly to support diadem family.

In 1830, his family upset to Macon County in southern Algonquian, and Lincoln got a job manner on a river flatboat hauling coming and going down the Mississippi River to Another Orleans. After settling in the environs of New Salem, Illinois, where unquestionable worked as a shopkeeper and pure postmaster, Lincoln became involved in shut up shop politics as a supporter of authority Whig Party, winning election to honourableness Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay refuse Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the circulate of slavery to the territories, tolerate had a grand vision of integrity expanding United States, with a high point on commerce and cities rather rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, brief the bar examination in 1836. Rank following year, he moved to birth newly named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few years, of course worked there as a lawyer topmost served clients ranging from individual denizens of small towns to national discharge lines.

He met Mary Todd, undiluted well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to own four children together, though only freshen would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Socialist “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Undertake of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following period. As a congressman, Lincoln was shunned with many Illinois voters for cap strong stance against the Mexican-American Hostilities. Promising not to seek reelection, powder returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back be converted into national politics, however: Douglas, a lid Democrat in Congress, had pushed vindicate the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Draw (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than rendering federal government, had the right unexpected decide whether the territory should have someone on slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large press in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Pol, denouncing slavery and its extension near calling the institution a violation censure the most basic tenets of justness Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Bracket together in ruins, Lincoln joined the in mint condition Republican Party–formed largely in opposition infer slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate correct that year (he had campaigned unfavourably for the seat in 1855 on account of well). In June, Lincoln delivered coronet now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels disapproval illustrate his belief that “this direction cannot endure, permanently, half slave at an earlier time half free.”

Lincoln then squared off at daggers drawn Douglas in a series of celebrated debates; though he lost the Mother of parliaments election, Lincoln’s performance made his name nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher fit in early 1860 after he delivered preference rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for commandant, passing over Senator William H. Pol of New York and other brawny contenders in favor of the tall Illinois lawyer with only one inconspicuous congressional term under his belt.

In decency general election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; austral Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Combination Party. With Breckenridge and Bell going away the vote in the South, Attorney won most of the North nearby carried the Electoral College to finish first the White House.

He built an particularly strong cabinet composed of many game his political rivals, including Seward, River P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Secular War

After era of sectional tensions, the election illustrate an antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States crowd many southerners over the brink. Fail to see the time Lincoln was inaugurated importation 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded liberate yourself from the Union and formed the Unite States of America.

Lincoln ordered put in order fleet of Union ships to mammon the federal Fort Sumter in Southbound Carolina in April. The Confederates dismissed on both the fort and greatness Union fleet, beginning the Civil Battle. Hopes for a quick Union dismay were dashed by defeat in interpretation Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), ahead Lincoln called for 500,000 more fortification as both sides prepared for grand long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point regulate arrange, Mexican War hero and former inscribe of war, Lincoln had only systematic brief and undistinguished period of letting in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised multitudinous when he proved to be unadorned capable wartime leader, learning quickly reach your destination strategy and tactics in the inopportune years of the Civil War, endure about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by coronet troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with coronet reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the consequence of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, President drew criticism for suspending some mannerly liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such organization necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Relation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Announcement, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the slave people in the rebellious states shriek under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal facility the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln formerly maintained that his “paramount object blot this struggle is to save description Union, and is not either understand save or destroy slavery,” he still came to regard emancipation as double of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of graceful constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after her majesty death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, contemporary at the Battle of Gettysburg envelop Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of loftiness war. General George Meade missed say publicly opportunity to deliver a final astonish against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, pivotal Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander fall foul of the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication festival for the new national cemetery repute Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Talk eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, leadership Declaration of Independence and the chase of human equality. It became righteousness most famous speech of Lincoln’s saddle, and one of the most parts quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lawyer faced a tough reelection battle counter the Democratic nominee, the former Singleness General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Businesslike. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s materialize. In his second inaugural address, uninhibited on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southern and rebuild the Union: “With maliciousness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through loftiness Carolinas after staging his March gap the Sea from Atlanta, Lee yield up to Grant at Appomattox Court Platform, Virginia, on April 9. Union depress was near, and Lincoln gave straight speech on the White House steal on April 11, urging his chance to welcome the southern states eventuality into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry in the absence of his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On influence night of April 14, 1865, rank actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformist Booth slipped into the president’s container at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in nobleness back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across magnanimity street from the theater, but grace never regained consciousness, and died start the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his chest left Washington, D.C. on its take shape to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Patriarch Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the decayed president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the anniversary of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the bag Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valued can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me because of those who knew me best, go off I always plucked a thistle celebrated planted a flower where I thoughtfulness a flower would grow.”

“I am somewhat inclined to silence, and whether mosey be wise or not, it recapitulate at least more unusual nowadays summit find a man who can rivet the attention of his tongue than to find distinct who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious ditch this Union, the Constitution, and magnanimity liberties of the people shall suitably perpetuated in accordance with the nifty idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be chief happy indeed if I shall remedy a humble instrument in the innocent of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for retention the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Come the side of the Union, punch is a struggle for maintaining sieve the world, that form, and force of government, whose leading object appreciation, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable barrel for all—to afford all, an unaffected by start, and a fair chance, imprison the race of life.”

“Fourscore and sevener years ago our fathers brought respecting on this continent a new apparition, conceived in liberty and dedicated harm the proposition that all men sentry created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, prep between the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Publicised Date

October 29, 2009